Term 4 Final Test Flashcards
What is the order of the layers of the earth?
Ocean Crust Asthenosphere Mantle Core Outer core Inner core
What are the 3 main types of rocks?
Igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic
How are igneous rocks formed and where are they found?
From red hot melted rock from inside the earth. Volcanoes are a good place to see them.
How are sedimentary rocks formed and where are they found?
Formed when small pieces worn off other rocks become stuck together, or when minerals in solution solidify. They are common,y found in river valleys and canyons.
How are metamorphic rocks formed and where are they found?
They have been changed by heat and pressure within the earth. They are commonly found in volcanoes and mountain ranges.
What is weathering?
The physical, chemical and biological processes that break rocks down into smaller pieces.
How does physical weathering happen?
Wind, temperature change, water and ice, crystallisation of salts
How does chemical weathering happen?
Water dissolving chemicals from the soil and the air reacting to it, breaking it down. When oxygen and carbon dioxide dissolve in water and react with the minerals in the rock.
How does biological weathering happen?
Living things and their products breaking down rock. Plant roots can shoot through cracks, then thicken and split the rock.
What are the 3 types of sedimentary rocks?
Clastic, chemical and biogenic
What are the 2 types of metamorphic rocks?
Regional and contact
What are the 2 types of igneous rocks?
Extrusive and intrusive
What is open cut mining?
When the rock is drilled and blasted with explosives. Usually used when the mineral deposit is near the surface and the large quantities are spread out.
What is underground mining?
When trucks drive down to pick up the crushed ore and bring it to the surface. Usually used when the mineral deposit is deeper and/or concentrated into pockets or narrow veins.
What are the advantages of open cut mining?
Much cheaper, not as dangerous, not working in confined spaces
