Health And Disease Flashcards
What is being healthy?
It is a state of complete physical,mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of diseases or infirmity.
What is disease?
It is a condition where part of organism dosent function properly.
Communicable vs non-communicable diseases
Communicable diseases are spread between individuals and non-communicable diseases can’t.
What are pathogens?
Pathogens cause communicable diseases, they are organisms such as viruses,bacteria,fungi and protists.
What is an sti? What is the difference between HIV and chlamydia?
A sti is a sexually transmitted infection. Chlamydia is a bacterial infection and HIV is a virus. HIV is spread by bodily fluids and infects and kills white blood cells causing weakness to the immune system whereas chlamydia is only spread by sexual contact and doesn’t necessarily cause symptoms.
What ways can you prevent HIV and chlamydia be spread?
Using condoms and screening individuals so they can have proper treatment
Physical barriers and examples.
A physical barrier is a human physical defence against pathogen entry. The skin and mucus in your nose and lungs.
Chemical barriers and examples
A chemical barrier is a human chemical defence against pathogen entry. The stomach (hydrochloric acid) and the eyes (lysozyme).
What happens if the pathogens pass through the barriers?
They are passed on to the immune system, the most important part of the immune system is the white blood cells. They travel around in your blood patrolling for pathogens.
Types of white blood cells
B
What are antibiotics used for?
They are used to treat bacterial infections. They work by either inhibiting processes in bacterial cells or they kill specific types of bacteria.
How drugs are developed?
1) a drug has to be discovered but nowadays many scientists use their knowledge of how a disease works to try and identify molecules that could be used to fight the disease.
2) to test the drug they use preclinical and clinical testing.
3) when a drug has passed all of these tests, it is approved by a medical agency before it is used. Making it safe and effective as possible.
What is the placebo effect?
This is when a patient expects the treatment to work and so feels better, even though the treatment isn’t doing anything.
What factors may increase the likelihood of developing a non-communicable disease? Examples?
Risk factors. Drugs (smoking), little exercise and diets that include too much nutrients or too little. Risk factors often interlink e.g.: obesity can cause cardiovascular disease.
