ch 7, 8

Question 1

discriminative stimulus

Answer 1

signals whether a certain response is likely to be reinforced or punished

Question 2

an event that does not involve social interaction but increases the likelihood of the behaviour being performed again

Answer 2

nonsocial reinforcement

Question 3

the net effect of all reinforcement and punishment received for a certain response

Answer 3

differential reinforcement

Question 4

qualities that impact the degree of social influence one person has on another

Answer 4

modalities of association

Question 5

4 modalities of association

Answer 5

intensity, priority, frequency, duration

Question 6

the values, attitudes, and norms held by people

Answer 6

definitions

Question 7

disapprove of law-breaking behaviour

Answer 7

negative definitions

Question 8

approve of law-breaking behaviour

Answer 8

positive definitions

Question 9

recognize law-breaking behaviour as normally unacceptable but rationalize it under certain circumstances

Answer 9

neutralizing definitions

Question 10

the study of how we understand the physical world and other matters unrelated to people

Answer 10

non-social cognition

Question 11

study of how we understand ourselves and other people

Answer 11

social cognition

Question 12

process in which people employ a variety of psychological mechanisms to avoid the negative feelings they might otherwise experience as a result of violating their moral standards

Answer 12

moral disengagement

Question 13

3 ways of minimizing reprehensible nature of behaviour

Answer 13

euphemistic labelling, moral justification, advantageous comparisons

Question 14

eg lessening harm of theft by reasoning that victims can get new stuff with insurance

Answer 14

minimize consequences of behaviour

Question 15

2 ways of minimizing responsibility for behaviour

Answer 15

displacement of responsibility and diffusion of responsibility

Question 16

2 ways of minimizing victim

Answer 16

dehumanization and attribution of blame

Question 17

rationalizing criminal behaviour and avoiding responsibility by blaming it on other external factors or perceived injustices

Answer 17

mollification

Question 18

ignoring the fear or anxiety around a behaviour that might otherwise be a deterrent

Answer 18

cutoff

Question 19

the belief that the rules don’t apply to you

Answer 19

entitlement

Question 20

the view that some people in the world have control and others are submissive

Answer 20

power orientation

Question 21

an emphasis on one’s positive attributes and actions as a means of overshadowing the bad things they have done

Answer 21

sentimentality

Question 22

an overly confident view of one’s abilities, especially the ability to avoid consequences

Answer 22

superoptimism

Question 23

lazy thought processes and the tendency to be easily bored

Answer 23

cognitive indolence

Question 24

a lack of commitment to follow through on things one starts

Answer 24

discontinuity

Question 25

residual arousal from a previous situation is mistakenly attributed to the current situation

Answer 25

excitation transfer theory

Question 26

the process of perceiving and organizing incoming social cues

Answer 26

encoding

Question 27

a potential error with encoding

Answer 27

the tendency to seek out, focus on, and remember aggressive social cues

Question 28

4 step basic process in social interaction

Answer 28

encoding social cues, interpreting social cues, searching for a behavioural response, and evaluating & selecting a behavioural response

Question 29

relate to the characteristics of the person or situation and directly impact the risk of violence

Answer 29

proximate factors

Question 30

indirectly impact risk of violence by enhancing proximate factors

Answer 30

distal factors