study for test

Question 1

outer protective layer of the cell

Answer 1

plasma membrane; phospholipid bilayer; cell membrane

Question 2

make a double layer to become the plasma membrance. polar “hydrophilic” heads, nonpolar “hyrdophobic” tails.

Answer 2

phospholipids

Question 3

allows materials in and out of the cell

Answer 3

transport/membrane proteins

Question 4

receive messages and give a signal for the cell to do something

Answer 4

receptor proteins

Question 5

identify other materials, cells, bateria, viruses, etc.

Answer 5

carbohydrate chains

Question 6

is needed to keep the cell (membrane) fluid like. too much makes the membrane rigid, too much also means permeability

Answer 6

cholesterol

Question 7

why do we use the word plasma to describe cell membranes

Answer 7

plasma means the ability to form into any container and our plasma membranes are flexible

Question 8

what does semipermeable mean?

Answer 8

some materials can get through the membrane. not all.

Question 9

what things move through the membrane without needing help from transport proteins?

Answer 9

water and electrolytes

Question 10

what things need help getting through the membrane from transport proteins?

Answer 10

lipids, carbs, sugars, FOOD

Question 11

a difference in particles on two sides of a barrier

Answer 11

concentration gradient

Question 12

why do particles move down the concentration gradient from high to low?

Answer 12

because particles want to reach equilibrium

Question 13

the movement of the particles due to concentration gradient

Answer 13

diffusion

Question 14

what is an example of diffusion?

Answer 14

food coloring in water, candle smell moving across a room

Question 15

what things move through body due to diffusion?

Answer 15

water and electrolytes

Question 16

movement of larger particles across the membrane (food)

Answer 16

facilitated diffusion

Question 17

diffusion of water

Answer 17

osmosis

Question 18

solutes within the cell and outside of the cell are equal; this creates a happy cell (saline solution)

Answer 18

isotonic solution

Question 19

solute concentrations is high on the outside compared to the inside of the cell. this causes the cell to shrivel (salt water)

Answer 19

hypertonic solution

Question 20

solute concentrations is high on the inside in comparison to the outside of the cell. this causes the cell to expand or get fat (distilled water)

Answer 20

hypotonic solution

Question 21

shrinking of the cell due to a hypertonic solution

Answer 21

plasmolysis

Question 22

expanding of a cell due to excess water entering; hypotonic solution

Answer 22

cytolysis

Question 23

particles moving across the membrane due to concentration gradient (no energy required); diffusion, osmosis; trying to reach equilibrium; water, K+, Na+

Answer 23

passive transport

Question 24

particles need assistance (membrane/transport proteins) to move across the membrane; facilitated diffusion; energy is required to open a channel; food molecules get into the cell through this process

Answer 24

active transport

Question 25

process of taking in materials

Answer 25

endocytosis

Question 26

taking in liquids

Answer 26

pinocytosis

Question 27

taking in solids

Answer 27

phagocytosis

Question 28

process of expelling materials

Answer 28

exocytosis