ATOMIC STRUCTURE- dilution/ diffusion/ ammonium chloride

Question 1

dilution

Answer 1

add more of a solvent to make it less concentrated

Question 2

bromine diffusion

Answer 2

1- fill half a gas jar full of bromine gas, and the other half full of air
2- separate with a glass plate
3- remove glass plate= the brown bromine gas will slowly diffuse through the air
4-the random motion of the particles and the higher mass of the bromine means means the bromine will eventually diffuse right through the air.

Question 3

potassium permanganate

Answer 3

1- put purple manganate in water

2- the colour will spread out to fill the beaker.

Question 4

Hydrochloric acid and Ammonia diffusion

Answer 4

-mass of HCl= 36.5
-mass of NH3= 17
-the HCl is roughly x2 the NH3
reversible reaction=
NH3 + HCl NH4Cl
ammonia + hydrogen chloride ammonium chloride
1- HCl acid on cotton wool, ammonia on cotton wool on other side
2- BLUE LITMUS will turn RED when HCl reaches it
3- RED LITMUS will turn BLUE when ammonia reaches it
4- HCl will diffuse slower
5- HCl will move about 1/3 of container, ammonia will move 2/3 of th container because its half its weight.
6- a solid white precipitate called AMMONIUM CHLORIDE will form where they meet

Question 5

numbers on periodic table

Answer 5

top (bigger) number= relative atomic mass (no. of protons and neutrons in nucleus)
bottom number= atomic number (no. of protons (same as electrons))

Question 6

period

Answer 6

across

Question 7

group

Answer 7

down

Question 8

proton

Answer 8

relative mass= 1

relative charge= +1

Question 9

neutron

Answer 9

relative mass= 1

relative charge= 0

Question 10

electron

Answer 10

relative mass= 1/2000

relative charge= -1