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US History II > Ch. 10.1-10.2 > Flashcards

Ch. 10.1-10.2 Flashcards

1
Q

lode

A

rich vein of gold or silver

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2
Q

vigilante

A

self appointed law enforcers

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3
Q

transcontinental railroad

A

a railroad that stretches across a continent from coast to coast

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4
Q

subsidy

A

financial aid

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5
Q

gauge

A

widths

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6
Q

network

A

system of connected lines

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7
Q

consolidate

A

combine

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8
Q

rebate

A

discounts

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9
Q

pool

A

several railroad companies that agreed to divide up the business in an area

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10
Q

cattle drive

A

the herding and moving of cattle (usually to railroad lines)

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11
Q

vaquero

A

skilled riders who herded cattle on ranches in mexico, california and the southwest

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12
Q

cowtown

A

a settlement that grew up at the end of a cattle trail

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13
Q

sod house

A

house made of thickly-rooted prairie grass

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14
Q

sodbuster

A

a farmer or farm worker who plows the land

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15
Q

cooperative

A

working together to a goal

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16
Q

wholesale

A

the selling of goods in large quantities to be retailed to others

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17
Q

inflation

A

a general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money

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18
Q

morrill acts

A

acts that provided public land for agricultural colleges

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19
Q

comstock lode

A

henry comstock became a partner in a gold mine in nevada that was rich in gold and silver- reffered to as “lodge”

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20
Q

what was the richest silver mine in the world

A

lodge in nevada `

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21
Q

boomtowns

A

towns that sprang up around mines- ceter of food, clothing, and other supplies; hotels, stores, and restuarants replaced tents as towns grew

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22
Q

ghost towns

A

old boomtowns that became deserted once the mines dried up

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23
Q

what did the railroads allow and bring to the west

A

they allowed quick economic growth of the west and brought economic growth and new settlement to the west

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24
Q

where was the union pacific railroad

A

started nebraska and headed west

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25
Q

where was the central pacific railroad

A

started in california and headed east

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26
Q

what did the union pacific railroad do

A

forever changed the west

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27
Q

how did seattle and los angeles grow so quickly

A

they developed where the railroads met

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28
Q

how were 8 of the states created

A

railroads led to the growth of territories

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29
Q

what did early trains make people do and why

A

only allowed people to travel short distances before they had to change trains because the trains used different gauges for thier tracks

30
Q

what new network allowed for more transportation throughout the nation

A

made gauges match those in the north

31
Q

george westinghouse

A

developed the loocomotive air brake

32
Q

george pullman

A

developed sleeping cars

33
Q

sleeping cars

A

trains with beds

34
Q

cornelius vanderbuilt

A

used ruthless tactics to buy up railroads; once owned 4500 mile of track

35
Q

what did railroads offer to make more profits

A

secret rebates to wealthy customers

36
Q

why were small railroad companies running out of business and who suffered the hardest

A

railroad companies set up pools and raised their prices; farmers suffered the hardest

37
Q

what led to the populist movement; what happened when laws were passed for the populist movement

A

farmers suffering; law officials were bribed

38
Q

what jobs did railroads create

A

lumberjacks, miners, and steelworkers laid down tracks, built bridges, carved tunnels, and built many stations

39
Q

what developed when railriads were built

A

organizations

40
Q

where did railroads bring settlement

A

all parts of the nation

41
Q

what did railroads make america

A

an industrial nation

42
Q

longhorn

A

large herds of cattle

43
Q

what had an increase in demand after the civil war, who did this help and how did it help them

A

the demand for beef increased which helped ranchers to use longhorn for commercial purposes

44
Q

how did the chisholm trail become one of the most well known trails

A

cattle drivers

45
Q

cowhands

A

helped to move cattle

46
Q

who were cowhands

A

former confederate soldiers, mexican americans, and african americans

47
Q

what did vaqueros do

A

teach cowhands to tame cattle

48
Q

what were challenges cowhands faced

A 
prairie dogs
rattlesnakes
thunderstorms
moving rivers
grass fires
cattle thieves
stampedes
49
Q

how were cowhands paid

A

in food, housing, and were paid $1 a day

50
Q

where did cattle drives end

A

cow towns or railroad lines

51
Q

why were dance halls, saloons, hotels, and restaurants placed down strategically and why were most supplies brought to these locations

A

cowhands spent their money here

52
Q

what did cattle kingdom lead to

A

high profits

53
Q

what did farmers fence in their land with and why

A

they used barbed wire to close off the open range so sheepherders would not take their cattle

54
Q

what did texas fever do

A

killed many cattle

55
Q

homestead act

A

160 acres of land given to head of the household, they could not serve in confederacy, paid a small fee, and improved the land for 5 years

56
Q

who suffered from the homestead act

A

farmers

57
Q

where did mexicanos settle

A

in the west

58
Q

what did the oklahoma land rush lead to

A

boomers and sooners

59
Q

what was the difference between boomers and sooners

A

boomers arrived illegally to take the land while sooners had not

60
Q

what houses were used on the plains

A

sod houses instead of wooden houses

61
Q

what plow made farming easier

A

steel plow

62
Q

windmills

A

used to pump wells

63
Q

what was the weather like on the plains

A

hot summers and cold, snowy winters

64
Q

what did women on the plains do

A

preserved food for winters and often made materials

65
Q

how were many hurt in the 1890s

A

economically

66
Q

what were homesteaders

A

self sufficient

67
Q

why did farmers work together in a cooperative and what did they buy in a wholesale at lower prices

A

to reduce shipping rates and raise profits, they bought supplies in a wholesale in lower prices

68
Q

what was the national grange (and the farmers alliance) used for

A

political power

69
Q

what did farmer and labor unions create in 1892

A

populists

70
Q

what did the populist party demand and support

A

they demanded better working conditions like an 8 hour workday and pushed for silver to be put into circulation- bankers opposed it because inflation would occur; they supported the gold standard

71
Q

who were the people running in the election of 1896

A 
-william jennings bryan: a 
 democrat who 
 supported the populist 
 agenda
-william mckinley: a 
 republican who 
 supported the gold 
 standard
72
Q

who won the election of 1896

A

william mckinley

US History II (11 decks)

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