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Fundamentals Of Sport And Exercise Science > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

What does the circulatory system consist of?

A

Heart, blood, arteries, capillaries, veins, venules

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2
Q

What is the role of the heart?

A

To pump blood around the body

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3
Q

What is the heart made of?

A

Cardiac muscle

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4
Q

What is the the anatomy of the heart?

A

4 Chambers, right atria and ventricle and left atria and ventricle. with valves between the chambers.

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5
Q

How long does one heart beat last?

A

0.8 Second

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6
Q

How long does systole last?

A

0.3 seconds

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7
Q

How long does diastole last?

A

0.5 seconds

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8
Q

What happens during systole?

A

Both ventricles contract, blood ejected from heart.

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9
Q

What happens during diastole?

A

Blood flows from atria into ventricles

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10
Q

Define myogenic

A

Can contract without receiving nervous stimulation from the central nervous system.

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11
Q

What are the 4 places called that controls the contractions within the heart?

A

Sino Atrial node, Atrioventricular node, bundle of his and purkinje fibres

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12
Q

Where is the Sino atrial node and what does it do?

A

Located in the right atrium and sets the pace of heartbeats. It sends nervous impulse to both atria and both atria contract at the same time.

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13
Q

Where is the atrioventricular node and what does it do?

A

Located at the bottom of the right atrium. Delays action potential whilst atria contract.

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14
Q

Where is the bundle of His located and what does it do?

A

The middle of the heart that separates the chambers and this is where the electrical impulses spread down to the ventricles.

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15
Q

Where is the Purkinje fibres and what does it do?

A

At the base of the heart and spreads the impulse across the ventricles.

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16
Q

What is the Autonomic Nervous system controlled by?

A

Medulla

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17
Q

Can the Autonomic Nervous System override the Sino atrial node?

A

Yes

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18
Q

What can the Medulla release to act on the Sino atrial node?

A

Hormones

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19
Q

What does adrenaline do to the heart?

A

Speeds up heart rate

20
Q

What does acteylcholine do to the heart?

A

slows heart rate down

21
Q

What is anticipatory rise?

A

Where the heart speeds up out of the anticipation of exercise.

22
Q

Why does the heart need to speed up during exercise>

A

To transport and delivery of nutrients. To transport oxygen from lungs to muscles. Also transports glucose, fats and amino acids and removes the lactic acid and carbon dioxide.

23
Q

Muscles produce what at the start of exercise?

A

CO2 and Lactate

24
Q

What receptor detects the lactate and CO2 in the blood?

A

Chemoreceptors

25
Q

What happens after the chemoreceptors detect lactate and CO2 in the blood?

A

The sympathetic nervous system is stimulated.

26
Q

What does the sympathetic nervous system release after it has been stimulated by the medulla and what does this hormone do?

A

Adrenaline is released to speed up the heart rate so the blood travels around faster so O2 and nutrients is delivered faster and the waste is removed quicker.

27
Q

How do you calculate a person’s maximum heart rate?

A

220- age

28
Q

Define stroke volume

A

How much blood that is ejected from the heart in one heart beat.

29
Q

Define Cardiac output

A

The amount of blood ejected from the heart into the aorta per minute

30
Q

How do you calculate cardiac output?

A

Stroke volume x Heart Rate

31
Q

How do you calculate heart rate?

A

Heart beat/minutes

32
Q

How do you calculate Stroke volume?

A

ML ejected/heart beats

33
Q

Why are arteries wide with thick, muscular walls?

A

To accommodate the volume of blood rushing through at high pressure.

34
Q

What is the job of the smooth muscle surround vessels?

A

Allows the diameter of the vessel to be controlled and helps regulate blood pressure.

35
Q

Define Vasodialation

A

Vessel opening wider

36
Q

Define Vasoconstriction

A

Vessel closing narrower

37
Q

Where do capillaries stretch to?

A

All over the body

38
Q

Why are capillary walls only one cell thick?

A

Blood is very low pressure and thin walls allow gaseous exchange and exchange of other molecules.

39
Q

What do capillaries join up to make?

A

Venules

40
Q

What do venules join up to make?

A

Veins

41
Q

Why do veins not have muscular walls?

A

Blood is under low pressure therefore no need

42
Q

Why do veins have one way valves?

A

Veins at low pressure and harder to get to heart especially from the legs, valves stop blood flowing backwards.

43
Q

What helps the blood get back to the heart from the legs?

A

The skeletal muscle pump. As the muscles contract the squeeze the blood in the veins.

44
Q

What is blood made of?

A

Plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, other elements.

45
Q

What is the job of a red blood cell?

A

To transport O2 from the lungs to muscles.

46
Q

How is the oxygen transported within the red blood cell?

A

Binds with haemoglobin to produce oxyhaemoglobin.

Fundamentals Of Sport And Exercise Science (18 decks)

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