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Fundamentals Of Sport And Exercise Science > Energy Substrates > Flashcards

Energy Substrates Flashcards

1
Q

What are the macronutrients?

A

Carbohydrates, Fats, Proteins

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2
Q

Is carbohydrates part of the organic compounds group?

A

yes

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3
Q

What is the main function of carbohydrates?

A

Provide energy for essential functions and for movement. Also acts as a fuel reserve and can be used as building blocks for molecules.

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4
Q

What is the chemical formula for a glucose molecule?

A

C6 H12 O6

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5
Q

What are the three main groups of carbohydrates?

A

monosaccharides, diasaccharides and polysaccharides

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6
Q

What are monosaccharides?

A

A simple sugar made up of 3-7 carbon atoms in a chain or ring.

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7
Q

What is an isomer?

A

A chemical compound with the same no. of atoms as another compound.

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8
Q

What are disaccharides?

A

These are two monosaccharides joined together

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9
Q

What are three examples of disaccharides and what are these examples made from?

A 
Sucrose= glucose and fructose
Lactose= glucose and galactose
Maltose= Glucose and glucose
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10
Q

What is the chemical reaction called that joins to monosaccharides together?

A

Dehydration synthesis

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11
Q

What is the chemical reaction called that separates a disaccharide into two monosaccharides?

A

hydrolysis

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12
Q

What are polysaccharide?

A

These are three or more monosaccharides joined together

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13
Q

Do polysaccharides dissolve in water?

A

no

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14
Q

What are some examples of polysaccharides?

A

Starch and glycogen

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15
Q

How is glycogen stored in cells?

A

As granules

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16
Q

Where is glycogen mainly stored?

A

Skeletal muscle and liver

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17
Q

What is glycogen broken down into during exercise?

A

Glucose

18
Q

What is fat?

A

A type of lipid

19
Q

What is the job of fat?

A

Provide energy
Provide cell wall structure
Provides insulation/protection

20
Q

Is fat an organic compound?

A

Yes

21
Q

Do fats dissolve in water?

A

no

22
Q

Do they have long carbon chains?

A

yes

23
Q

What are the three main types of fat?

A

Saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated

24
Q

Where are saturated fats mainly found?

A

Butter, milk eggs, meat

25
Q

Define saturated fats

A

Where all carbon atoms are bonded to the max no. of hydrogen atoms

26
Q

Define monosaturated

A

Where not all the possible carbon atoms are bonded to the max no. of hydrogen atoms due to presence of double bond.

27
Q

How many double bonds does a monounsaturated have?

A

one

28
Q

Where are polyunsaturates mainly found?

A

Cold water fish, nuts, corn oil

29
Q

Where are monounsaturated fats found?

A

Avocados, nuts, olive oil

30
Q

How many double bonds does a polyunsaturated fat have?

A

more than one

31
Q

What are the roles of a protein?

A 
Structural
Contractile
Transportation of other molecules
Regulatory hormones
Enzymes
Energy
32
Q

Are proteins organic compounds?

A

Yes

33
Q

What are proteins made out of?

A

Amino acids

34
Q

How many standard amino acids are there?

A

20

35
Q

How many acids are non essential?

A

11

36
Q

What are non essential amino acids?

A

Amino acids that can be made up from compounds within our body

37
Q

How many essential amino acids are there?

A

9

38
Q

What are essential amino acids?

A

Amino acids that can’t be produced from other compounds found in the body.

39
Q

What are the bonds called between the amino acids?

A

peptide bonds

40
Q

What is a dipeptide?

A

2 amino acids bonded together

41
Q

What is a tripeptide?

A

3 amino acids bonded together

42
Q

What is a polypeptide?

A

> 10 amino acids bonded together

Fundamentals Of Sport And Exercise Science (18 decks)

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