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Pharmacology N2100 > *Unit 1 - Intro & Safety > Flashcards

*Unit 1 - Intro & Safety Flashcards

1
Q

Meter =

A

Linear

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2
Q

Liter =

A

Volume

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3
Q

Gram =

A

Weight

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4
Q

1 meter = ?mm

A

1000

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5
Q

1 liter = ?ml

A

1000

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6
Q

1 Gram = ?mg

A

1000

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7
Q

? Grams = 1 kilogram

A

1000

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8
Q

? mm = 1 cm

A

10

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9
Q

1 L = ? Quarts

A

1

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10
Q

1 oz = ? ml

A

30

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11
Q

1 tsp = ? ml

A

5

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12
Q

1 kg = ? lbs

A

2.2

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13
Q

The study of medicines, including their administration, their sites of action and their affects

A

Pharmacology

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14
Q

The use of drugs for prevention and treatment

A

Pharmacotherapy

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15
Q

Anything that helps prevent, cure, or reduce symptoms of a medical condition

A

Drug

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16
Q

What the drug is treating

A

Therapeutic

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17
Q

How the drug acts in the body, physiologic

A

Pharmacologic

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18
Q

Standardized by the international union of pure and applied chemistry

A

Chemical name

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19
Q

Assigned by the United States Adopted Name Council

A

Generic name

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20
Q

Assigned by the pharmaceutical company

A

Trade, brand, proprietary name

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21
Q

True/False: NCLEX will always use generic names

A

True!!

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22
Q

How many chemical, generic, and brand names can a drug have?

A

Generic: 1
Brand: multiple

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23
Q
  • assure safety and efficacy of drugs and medical devices
  • encourages innovation in making drugs more effective, safer, and more affordable
  • disseminating information about drugs
  • assured effective drugs are available
A

FDA

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24
Q

Process of Drug Development

A

Preclinical research: FDA Review -> investigational new drug application

Clinical Trials: phase 1, phase 2, phase 3

New Drug Application

Post-marketing Surveillance

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25
Q

Congress passed the Controller Substance act in ____.

A

1970

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26
Q

This act recognized the abuse and dependency potential of specific drugs and categorized these drugs

A

Controlled Substance act

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27
Q

True/False: Schedule I drugs have a higher abuse or dependency potential than Schedule V drugs

A

True

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28
Q

Highest potential for abuse

A

Schedule I

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29
Q

No currently accepted medical use in US

A

Schedule I

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30
Q

Lack of accepted safety for use of the drug under medical supervision

A

Schedule I

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31
Q

Examples include: heroin, marijuana, peyote, LSD

A

Schedule I

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32
Q

High potential for abuse, physical dependence and psychological dependence

A

Schedule II

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33
Q

Currently accepted medical use in US, usually no refills

A

Schedule II

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34
Q

Examples include: morphine, cocaine, methadone, methamphetamine, hydrocodone, codein

A

Schedule II

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35
Q

Moderate potential for abuse, moderate to low physical and high psychological dependence

A

Schedule III

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36
Q

Currently accepted medical use in US, 5 refills allowed in 6 months

A

Schedule III & IV

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37
Q

Examples include: anabolic steroids and ketamine

A

Schedule III

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38
Q

Lower potential for abuse, lower physical and psychological dependence

A

Schedule IV

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39
Q

Examples include: benzodiazepines, zolpidem and tramadol

A

Schedule IV

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40
Q

Lowest potential for abuse, lowest physical and psychological dependence

A

Schedule V

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41
Q

Currently accepted medical use in the US, can be over-the-counter, refills as authorized by the provider

A

Schedule V

42
Q

Examples include: cough syrups with codeine, and antidiarrheal medicines

A

Schedule V

43
Q

True/False: double lock is required for narcotics

A

True

44
Q

True/False: 1 nurse always counts medications

A

FALSE! TWO nurses count!

45
Q

True/False: a nurse always witnessed and signs when a medication is discarded or wasted

A

True

46
Q

True/False: a nurse’s responsibility is to count all controlled medications per facility’s policy at the end/beginning of each shift

A

True

47
Q

The 10 “RIGHTS”

A
  • right patient
  • right drug
  • right dose
  • right route
  • right time
  • right Documentation
  • right client education
  • right or refuse
  • right assessment
  • right evaluation
48
Q

Dosage Calculations

A

(Desired/Have) x Quantity = Amount to give

(Order/how much is in 1 tablet) x #tablets = amount to give

49
Q

True/False: the perfect drug exists

A

FALSE

50
Q

an example in a class

A

prototype

51
Q

organization that ensures quality and strength so potency is consistent no matter where you go within the US

A

United States Pharmacopeia - National Formulary Drug Standards

52
Q

organization that is responsible for pulling down ads with false information

A

FDA

53
Q

True/False: Preclinical research is on humans

A

FALSE! It’s usually done on animals, but there are a couple other ways through technology

54
Q

Phase where drug is only tested on a few people

A

Phase I

55
Q

Phase where drug is tested on a hundreds of people and placebo will be used for some people

A

Phase II

56
Q

Where we catch all the stuff after research and the drug is now in the general public

A

post-marketing surveillance

57
Q

What schedule has the highest abuse and what schedule has the lowest abuse

A

Schedule I = highest

Schedule V = lowest

58
Q

Schedule where drug has no use in the US (according to federal)

A

Schedule I

59
Q

are there refills for schedule II’s

A

NO!!!!

60
Q

drug often used in nasal reconstruction surgeries and is a vasoconstricor (prevents bleeding)

A

cocaine (schedule II)

61
Q

can you get refills for Schedule III’s

A

yes, 5 refills allowed in 6 months

62
Q

why do we care about controlled/scheduled substances

A

Nurses work with these

63
Q

can you give a medication without an order

A

NO!

64
Q

can you put meds in your pockets

A

NO! Best practice is to not put stuff in your pockets where you could accidentally take something home

65
Q

Are nurses in a high risk category for drug dependency?

A

Yes

66
Q

True/False: a medication order makes up the 5 “rights”

- if so, what are they

A

True

  • patient
  • drug
  • dose
  • route
  • time
67
Q

What do you do first if med error occurs

A

you take care of your patient! Evaluate and asses

68
Q

what’s the last thing you do if med error occurs

A

complete an occurrence report

69
Q

Are med names in our Drug Guides generic or brand

A

generic

70
Q

2 classifications of drugs

A

Therapeutic & pharmacologic

71
Q

A nurse’s involvement in the dispensing and administration of medications is governed by each state and identified in what.

A

The Nurse Practice Act

72
Q

What does the Nurse Practice Act contain

A

This contains the rules and regulations for the practice of nursing.

73
Q

When should you mix & prepare a medication dose

A

Right before administering them

74
Q

Being there, compassion, sensitivity

Not simply “doing” nursing

A

Caring Theory

75
Q

Demonstrating the art of nursing through the nurse’s ability to enhance any healing opportunity with the nurse’s unique perspective and attitude.

A

Caring Theory

76
Q

True/False: In order to be a healer a nurse must be engaged in self healing practices

A

True! Care for yourself!

77
Q

Describes what is being treated by the drug

A

Therapeutic Classificication

78
Q

Describes how the drug acts in the body

A

Pharmacologic Classification

79
Q

The agent to which all other meds in a class are compared

A

Prototype

80
Q

Father of American Pharmacology

A

John Abel

81
Q

Therapeutic or Pharmacologic:

Antidepressants, anticoagulants, antipsychotics

A

Therapeutic Classification

82
Q

Therapeutic or Pharmacologic:

Diuretics
Beta-blocker
Calcium channel blockers

A

Pharmacologic Classification

83
Q

Drugs with more than one active ingredient

A

Combination drugs

84
Q

The key to comparing brand-name drugs and their generic equivalents lies in measuring the ____ of the two agents

A

Bioavailability

85
Q

The rate and extent to which the active ingredient is absorbed from a drug product and becomes available at the site of drug action to produce its effect

A

Bioavailability

86
Q

If the trade and generic products have the same rate of absorption and have the same onset of therapeutic action, they are said to be ____

A

Bioequivalent

87
Q

The _____ requires that all drugs entering the US be inspected and analyzed for quality, purity, and fitness for medical purposes

A

Drug Importation Act

88
Q

List of pharmaceutical products and drug recipes

A

Formulary

89
Q

1st stage of drug development
Involves extensive lab testing
Scientists perform testing on human and microbial cells cultured in the lab
Most drugs do not proceed past this stage because they are either too toxic or simply not effective

A

Preclinical research

90
Q

If a drug appears promising, the pharmaceutical company submits a ____ application to the FDA that contains all the animal and cell testing data

A

Investigational New Drug Application

91
Q

Testing is conducted on 20 to 80 healthy volunteers for several months to determine proper dosage and to assess for adverse effects. Focus is safety.

A

Phase 1

92
Q

Several hundred patients with the disease to be treated are given the drug. Primary focus is on effectiveness. In most cases, the effectiveness is compared to a placebo or a standard drug used for the same condition

A

Phase 2

93
Q

Large numbers of patients with the disease are given the drug to determine patient variability. Potential drug-drug interactions are examined. Patients with chronic conditions such as cardiac, renal, or hepatic impairment are given the drug to determine safety in these important population

A

Phase 3

94
Q

If the drug continues to show promise through the clinical phase trials, a ___ is submitted to the FDA.

A

New Drug Application

95
Q

Medications that are truly unique and structurally different from existing drugs

A

New Molecular Entities

96
Q

Stage 4 of the drug approval process, begins after the NDA review has been completed. The purpose is to survey for harmful drug effects in a larger population

A

Post-marketing surveillance

97
Q

Any preventable event that may cause or lead to inappropriate medication use or patient harm while the medication is in the control of the health care professional, patient, or consumer.

A

Medication error

98
Q

An unexpected death or injury

A

Sentinel event

99
Q

Taking medications in the manner prescribed by the health care provider

A

Adherence

100
Q

Examine risks and minimize the number of medication errors. Investigate incidents, track data, identify problems, and provide recommendations for improvement.

A

Risk management departments

101
Q

Attempts to focus attention on the causes of the error, rather than on the person responsible for the error, so that patient harm can be reduced or eliminated through investigating system vulnerabilities.

A

Root-cause analysis

102
Q

Identify processes where errors may occur related to prescription, dispensing, and administration

A

Health care failure mode and effect analysis

Pharmacology N2100 (26 decks)

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