Lungs And Respiration Flashcards
What is aerobic respiration?
Uses oxygen
A chemical reaction between oxygen and glucose which releases energy
It is respiration using oxygen
The most efficient way to transfer energy to glucose
Carbon dioxide and water are waste products in this reaction
Continuous process in plants and animals
What is an exothermic reaction?
Gives out energy
Respiration is exothermic because it transfers energy to the environment
What is the chemical equation for products of aerobic respiration?
Glucose + oxygen->carbon dioxide + water + energy
C6H12O6+6O2->6CO2+6H2O
Three ways that mammals would use energy from respiration?
- To keep body temperature steady
- To allow muscles to contract so they can move
- To build large molecules from small ones e.g. proteins from amino acids
What and where are the lungs?
The organ of respiration
The lungs are in the upper part of the body (thorax)
They are protected by the rib cage
They are separated from the lower part of the body (abdomen) by the diaphragm
Describe the lungs?
Right lung is a little bigger than the left Left lung fits around the heart Left lung split into two lobes Right lung split into three lobes Large surface area and spoony texture
What are the main parts of the breathing system?
Trachea Ribs Bronchi Bronchioles Intercostal muscle Alveoli Lungs Diaphragm Heart
How does breathing in work?
Diaphragm goes down (flatter) ribs expand lung volume increases Pressure in lungs decreases air moves into lungs
How does breathing out work?
Diaphragm goes up into a domed shape Ribs move down and inwards Volume of lungs decrease Pressure in lungs increase Air moves out of lungs
What is breathing?
The process by which you take in air and take out air of the body
Oxygen diffuses from the air into the bloodstream
What is respiration?
It is not breathing
It’s the process of transferring energy from food molecules into everyday cells
A chemical reaction releasing energy
Glucose + oxygen->(energy) + carbon dioxide + water
Explain the gas exchange?
It occurs in the alveoli in the lungs
Alveoli provide large moist surface full of blood capillaries to aid diffusion
Oxygen diffuses from the air into the blood stream
Carbon dioxide diffuses from blood into air and is exhaled
How do the alveoli work?
Many small spherical alveoli provide a large surface area allowing efficient gas exchange
Moist surface helps oxygen dissolve so it can diffuse into cells
Good blood supply to make diffusion in and out of blood quickly
Thin walls so diffusion distance is short
Capillaries very close to alveoli so short distance to diffuse
What happens when we exercise?
Heart rate increases
Breathing quickens and deepens
Turn red as blood vessels release heat
Sweat to cool down
What is anaerobic respiration?
Uses no oxygen
During exercise, if insufficient oxygen reaches muscles, they use anaerobic respiration
This is the incomplete breakdown of glucose and makes lactic acid
Incomplete glucose breakdown means less energy released
Glucose->lactic acid + small amount of energy released
