Head, Horn Blocks, Eye, Sinuses, Dentition- Assignment 2

Question 1

What branch of cranial nerve V supplies the upper eyelid?

Answer 1

Ophthalmic

Question 2

What branch of cranial nerve V supplies the lower eyelid?

Answer 2

Maxillary

Question 3

The dog has a large maxillary sinus. True or false?

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Where is the frontal sinus?

Answer 4

Between the eyes and extends to the horns

Question 5

What is the name of the diverticulum of the frontal sinus in the horn and at what age is it developed?

Answer 5

cornual diverticulum; 6 months

Question 6

What are the names of the diverticula of the frontal sinus?

Answer 6

cornual, postorbital, and nuchal

Question 7

How does the frontal sinus differ between large and small ruminants?

Answer 7

large ruminants- the frontal sinus extends caudally over the brain

small ruminants- frontal sinus does not extend over the brain, and the base of the horn is physically very close to the brain

Question 8

What are the components of the frontal sinus?

Answer 8

Caudal compartment, 1-4 rostral ones

Question 9

Describe the maxillary sinus of the ox (communication).

Answer 9

Communicates freely with the palatine sinus over the infraorbital canal

Question 10

Describe the maxillary sinus of the ruminant (communication).

Answer 10

Infraorbital canal divides maxillary sinus into lateral and medial parts. Medial part communicates with the palatine sinus.

Question 11

What is the lacrimal bulla?

Answer 11

Extension of maxillary sinus

Question 12

Which teeth extend into the maxillary sinus?

Answer 12

last 3 or 4 cheek teeth roots

Question 13

What does the frontal cavity open into?

Answer 13

Opens into the nasal cavity via the middle nasal meatus, above its opening into the palatines sinus

Question 14

What are the surgical limitations of the maxillary sinus?

Answer 14

Dorsal- medial angle of eye to infraorbital foramen

ventral- facial tuberosity to zygomatic arch

rostral- just rostral to facial tuberosity

caudal- ventral margin of bony orbit

Question 15

How do the palatine and frontal sinuses communicate?

Answer 15

Over infraorbital canal

Question 16

How does the palatine sinus communicate with the nasal cavity?

Answer 16

via the maxillary sinus; there is no independent communication between the palatine sinus and the nasal cavity

Question 17

What is the sphenoid sinus?

Answer 17

Located in the wing of the presphenoid bone

Communicated with nasal cavity via ventral ethmoid meatus

Question 18

What is the lacrimal sinus?

Answer 18

No independent communication to nasal cavity

Communicates freely with the caudodorsal portion of the maxillary sinus

Question 19

How many permanent premolars are in each side of the upper arcade of the dog?

Answer 19

4

Question 20

What covers the outer surface of the canine tooth root?

Answer 20

cementum

Question 21

Describe incisors and canines in the ruminant.

Answer 21

No upper incisors or canines in either deciduous or permanent teeth. The lower canines look like incisors and often referred to as such.

Question 22

How is the age of a ruminant determined?

Answer 22

It can be estimated by eruption dates and wear of deciduous and permanent teeth, especially incisors and canines.

Question 23

What type are ruminant incisors and canines?

Answer 23

brachydont- the crown wears off almost completely to the neck of the tooth over time

Question 24

What is the dental formula for ruminants?

Answer 24

2 (Di 0/3, Dc 0/1, Dp 3/3) = 20

2 (I 0/3, C 0/1, P 3/3, M3/3) = 32

Question 25

When do deciduous teeth erupt?

Answer 25

ox- all deciduous teeth erupt within 2 weeks of birth

small ruminants- premolars erupt a few weeks later

Question 26

When do incisors and canines erupt?

Answer 26

I1 –> 1.5-2 years
I2 –> 2.-2.5 years
I3 –> 3-3.5 years
I4 (canine) –> 3.5-4 years

Question 27

When do molars and premolars erupt?

Answer 27

PM2 - 2-2.5 years
PM3 - 1.5-2.5 years
PM4 - 1.5-3 years
M1 - 6 months, 4 cheek teeth
M2 - 1-1.5 years; 5 cheek teeth
M3 - 2-2.5 years; 6 cheek teeth

cheek teeth count includes deciduous premolars

Question 28

Which branch of trigeminal nerve supplies the upper incisors in the dog?

Answer 28

Maxillary

Question 29

At what age do incisors “level” in the ox? What does level mean?

Answer 29

6-9 years old

lingual edge of the occlusal surface becomes smooth

Question 30

At what age are incisors pegs? What age are incisors and canines pegs?

Answer 30

10-12 years; by age 15

Question 31

Which cranial nerve does not exit a foramen in the orbit?

Answer 31

VII