Manual of Clinical Anesthesiology: Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting Flashcards
1
Q
PONV occurs in up to _____% of cases.
A
30 (80% in high-risk surgeries)
2
Q
Which anesthetics cause the most PONV?
A
- Opioids
- Etomidate
- Inhalational
… basically everything except propofol and benzodiazepines.
3
Q
List the patient factors that predict PONV.
A
- Female
- GI syndromes
- Young age
- Anxiety
- History of PONV
- Nonsmoker
- History of motion sickness
4
Q
What drugs can treat PONV?
A
- Steroids (dexamethasone at induction)
- D2 antagonists (droperidol and haloperidol)
- 5HT3 antagonists (ondansetron)
- Antihistamines
- NK-1 antagonists (aprepitant)
- Antimuscarinics
5
Q
Why is PONV important to prophylactically treat?
A
PONV is difficult to treat once it arises, so prevention is key.
6
Q
In addition to minimizing NO, inhalation anesthetics, and opioids, ___________ should also be minimized to avoid PONV.
A
neostigmine
7
Q
Which two PONV drugs cause long-QT syndrome?
A
- Anti-5HT3 (ondansetron)
* Anti-D2 (Haldol)
