Human Biology

Question 1

What is Diffusion?

Answer 1

1. The movement of particles through a partially permeable membrane
2. Down a concentration gradient

Question 2

Why does the structure of alveoli optimise their function?

Answer 2

1. Large surface area
2. Thin membrane
3. Mucous
4. Good bloody supply to maintain a concentration gradient

Question 3

What are the differences between arteries and veins?

Answer 3

1. Arteries transport blood from the heart to the body
2. Veins transport blood from the body to the heart
3. Artery walls are thicker to cope with high pressure and have a smaller lumen
4. Veins have wider lumen and thinner walls

Question 4

What is the hole in the blood vessels called?

Answer 4

Lumen

Question 5

Which vessel carried blood from the lungs to the heart?

Answer 5

Pulmonary vein

Question 6

Where does the pulmonary vein meet the heart?

Answer 6

Left Atrium

Question 7

Which vessel does the blood leave the heart from to get to the rest of the body?

Answer 7

Aorta

Question 8

How does the pulmonary vein differ to all other veins?

Answer 8

It carried oxygenated blood whereas all other veins carry deoxygenated blood

Question 9

Which vessel carried blood to the heart from the body?

Answer 9

Vena cava

Question 10

Which is the thickest compartment of the heart? and why?

Answer 10

1. Left ventricle

2. It supplies the whole body

Question 11

What does pulmonary mean?

Answer 11

Lungs

Question 12

What does the blood contain?

Answer 12

1. Red blood cells
2. White blood cells
3. Platelets
4. Plasma

Question 13

What is the difference between malignant and benign tumours?

Answer 13

Malignant cells can MOVE through the blood to other parts of the body whereas benign tumours stay in the same place

Question 14

Different transport across cells

Answer 14

active transport - up a the concentration gradient
osmosis - diffusion of water only down the concentration
diffusion - down the concentration gradiant

Question 15

What is an organ?

Answer 15

A group of tissues that work together to perform a function

Question 16

What is a tissue?

Answer 16

Group of similar cells that work together to carry out a function

Question 17

What is an organ system?

Answer 17

A group of organs that work together to carry out a function

Question 18

What is an enzyme?

Answer 18

A catalyst which increases the speed of a reaction without being changed or used up in the reaction

Question 19

What is the main reactive part of an enzyme called?

Answer 19

The active site

Question 20

Which factors affect the speed of a reaction using an enzyme?

Answer 20

• Temperature
• Acidity
• Concentration of enzyme
• Concentration of substrate

Question 21

What does amylase do?

Answer 21

Breaks down starch into sugars

Question 22

What does proteases do

Answer 22

Break down protein into amino acids

Question 23

What do lipases do?

Answer 23

Break down lipids into glycerol and fatty acids

Question 24

What does Bile do?

Answer 24

• Neutralises stomach acid

- Emulsifies fats

Question 25

What does emulsify mean?

Answer 25

Breakdown fats into droplets

Question 26

What is a pacemaker?

Answer 26

An artificial device that keeps the heart beating regularly

Question 27

How do you test for sugar?

Answer 27

Benedicts solution heat for 5 minutes in water bath
Positive = orange
Negative = blue

Question 28

How do you test for starch?

Answer 28

Iodine solution
Positive = blue/black
Negative = orange

Question 29

How do you test for protein?

Answer 29

Biuret solution
Positive = pink/purple
Negative = blue

Question 30

How do you test lipids?

Answer 30

Sudan III test
Add Sudan III to solution
Positive = Red lipid layer at top

Question 31

What do statins do?

Answer 31

Lower cholesterol

Lowers risk of heart disease, heart attacks, coronary heart disease

Question 32

What are the disadvantages of statins?

Answer 32

Need to be taken regularly - may forget to take them
Unwated side effects - headaches
Effect isn’t instant - need to take it for a while