Cell Biology

Question 1

Name 3 differences between plant cells and animal cells

Answer 1

• Plant cells have cell wall
• Plant have chlorophyll
• Plant cells have a vacuole

Question 2

Name 2 differences between eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells

Answer 2

• Prokaryotic DNA is organised in circles - plasmids

- Prokaryotic DNA is not stored in the nucleus - they have no nuclei

Question 3

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 3

• Stores the genetic information of the cell

- Controls the activities of the cell

Question 4

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 4

• Controls what enters and leaves the cell

Question 5

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

Answer 5

Controls the chemical reactions within the cell

Question 6

What is the function of the mitochondria?

Answer 6

Where energy is made

Question 7

What is the function of the ribosomes?

Answer 7

Produces/processes proteins

Question 8

What is the function of chloroplasts?

Answer 8

• Site of photosynthesis where energy is made in the plant cell

Question 9

What is the function of cellulose?

Answer 9

• Structural support

Question 10

What is the function of the vacuole?

Answer 10

• Contains cell sap

- Maintains the structure of the cell

Question 11

Give 4 functional properties of sperm cells

Answer 11

1. They have a flagellum for mobility
2. They Have lots of energy/mitochondria to supply their movement
3. Their pointy shape helps to move more energy efficiently
4. They contain enzymes in the head to breakdown the membrane of the egg cell

Question 12

Give 2 properties of root hair cells in plants

Answer 12

1. large surface area to maximise diffusion/osmosis

2. Thin membrane to shorten the distance of diffusion

Question 13

What is a stem cell?

Answer 13

• Undifferentiated cell that can turn into any cell around the body
• Made in the bone marrow

Question 14

What is the difference between an adult stem cell and an embryonic stem cell?

Answer 14

Adult stem cells can develop into many but not all types of cells whereas embryonic stem cells can develop into all types of cells

Question 15

Why do the structure of villi aid their function?

Answer 15

1. They are folded to maximise the surface area to allow more absorption of nutrients from the gut
2. They are thin to shorten the distance the nutrients move
3. Highly vascularised - very good blood supply to maintain a high concentration gradient as the concentration of nutrients in the gut will be higher than in the blood and this needs to be maintained to ensure as much nutrients can be absorbed as possible