Reactive Leukocyte Disorders

Question 1

neutropenia- absolute neutrophil count less than?

Answer 1

1800/microliter

Question 2

agranulocytosis - absolute neutrophil count less than?

Answer 2

500/microliter

Question 3

aplastic anemia, radiation, drugs, chemo, leukemia are central causes of ________ where there’s suppression of bone marrow cells or committed granulocytic precursors

Answer 3

neutropenia

Question 4

immune mediated, splenic sequestration, and increased margination result in increased destruction or utilization of ______

Answer 4

neutrophils, lead to neutropenia

Question 5

neutrophilia - absolute neutrophil count greater than?

Answer 5

7,000

Question 6

increased granulopoiesis (infections, immunological inflammatory, myeloproliferative neoplasms, and colony stimulating factors) lead to?

Answer 6

neutrophilia

Question 7

increased release from marrow stores, decreased margination due to catecholamines, and decreased extravasation from glucocorticoids lead to?

Answer 7

neutrophilia

Question 8

defective leukocyte adhession b/c of mutations in beta chain of CD11/CD18 integrins

Answer 8

Leukocyte adhesion deficiency, type 1

Question 9

defective leukocyte adhesion b/c of mutations in fucosyl transferase required for synthesis of sialylated oligosaccharide (receptor for selectins)

Answer 9

leukocyte adhesion deficiency, type 2

Question 10

defective oxidative burst to form free radicals to kill bacteria

Answer 10

chronic granulomatous disease

Question 11

CGD: defective phagocyte oxidase (membrane)

Answer 11

X linked CGD

Question 12

CGD: defective phagocyte oxidase (cytoplasmic)

Answer 12

autosomal recessive CGD

Question 13

decreased microbial killing b/c of defective MPO-H202 system

Answer 13

MPO deficiency

Question 14

decreased leukocyte functions because mutations affecting protein involved in lysosomal membrane traffic (LYST)

Answer 14

Chediak-Higashi syndrome

Question 15

diabetes, malignancy, sepsis, dialysis, malnutrition, anemia cause poor adhesion and phagocytosis, leading to ?

Answer 15

qualitative neutrophil disorder, increased risk of infection

Question 16

lymphocytosis - absolute lymphocyte count greater than?

Answer 16

4,000

Question 17

causes of lymphocytosis?

Answer 17

viral infections (mono), acute bacterial (whooping cough), chronic bacterial (TB, brucellosis), lymphoproliferative diseases

Question 18

in viral infections, usually CD8 cytotoxic T cells

Answer 18

atypical lymphocytes

Question 19

lymphocytopenia - absolute lymphocyte count less than? usually due to?

Answer 19

1500

decrease in CD4 helper T

Question 20

congenital and acquired immunodeficiencies, Hodgkin, radiation, chemo, steroids, AIDS

Answer 20

causes of lymphocytopenia

Question 21

increased number and larger size of secondary follicles, due to infection, systemic inflammation, arthritis, drugs, AIDS

Answer 21

follicular hyperplasia

Question 22

expansion of paracortex by a heterogenous reactive cell population (viral infection CMV, EBV, measles, varicella, SLE, drug reaction)

Answer 22

interfollicular (paracortical) hyperplasia

Question 23

increase in macrophages in sinuses, in lymph node draining infection, cancer

Answer 23

sinus histiocytosis

Question 24

toxoplasmosis –> follicular hyperplasia, epithelioid granulomas within germinal centers and interfollicular areas, sinusoidal dilation with monocytoid B cells

Answer 24

mixed pattern hyperplasia