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Neurology System > Pathology of Intracranial Tumours > Flashcards

Pathology of Intracranial Tumours Flashcards

1
Q

What are some causes of raised ICP?

A

Haemorrhage
Tumour
Abscess
Oedema - post trauma

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2
Q

What is subfalcine herniation?

A

Herniation of the falx cerebri

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3
Q

What is cerebella tonsillar herniation?

A

Tonsils of the cerebellum are moved inwards and downwards and crush the brainstem

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4
Q

How can tumours cause localised ischaemia?

A

Tumours can squeeze nearby tissue and cause local ischaemia

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5
Q

What is a sign and a symptoms of a tumour pressing on the cortex and brainstem?

A

Morning headaches and sickness

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6
Q

What is a sign and symptoms of a tumour pressing on the optic nerve?

A

Papilloedema

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7
Q

What are the consequences of increased ICP?

A

Pupillary dilation
Falling GSC
Brain stem death

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8
Q

Where does the cerebellum move in raised ICP?

A

Squeezes the cerebellum downwards and into the foramen magnum crushing the brainstem

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9
Q

In relation to the tentorium where are the majority of adult tumours?

A

Above the tentorium

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10
Q

In relation to the tentorium where are the majority of chil tumours?

A

Below the tenotrium

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11
Q

What is a glioma?

A

Cancer of the glial cells

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12
Q

Do gliomas metastasise out of the CNS?

A

No

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13
Q

What is an astrocytoma?

A

Glioma of astrocytes

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14
Q

What is an oligodendroglioma?

A

Glioma of oligodendrocytes

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15
Q

What is an ependymoma?

A

Glioma of ependymal cells

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16
Q

What shape is an astrocyte?

A

Star

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17
Q

What are the 2 extremes of astrocytoma?

A

Low grade astrocytoma

Glioblastoma

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18
Q

Describe low grade astrocytoma pathology?

A

Bland cells on microscopy

Grows very slowly

19
Q

What is the most malignant type of astrocytoma?

A

Glioblastoma

20
Q

Describe the pathology of glioblastoma

A

Large tumour with necrosis
Cellular, atypical tumour with necrosis
Grow quickly

21
Q

What is a medulloblastoma?

A

Paediatric tumour of primitive neuroectoderm (primitive neural cells)

22
Q

What is the neuroectoderm?

A

Primitive neural cells

23
Q

Where do medulloblastoma originate?

A

Posterior fossa

Particularly in the brainstem

24
Q

What is a meningioma?

A

Tumour of the cells that make up the meninges

From arachnocytes

25
Q

Are meningioma usually malignant?

A

No usually benign

26
Q

Are meningioma fast or slow growing?

A

Slow

27
Q

Are meningiomas usually resectable?

A

Yes

28
Q

What are nerve sheath tumours?

A

Tumours around peripheral nerves

29
Q

What is a schwannoma?

A

Tumur of scwann cells

30
Q

What do schwann cells in the PNS?

A

Myelin sheath

31
Q

What is an Acoustic neuroma?

A

8th vestibulochoclear nerve schwannoma at angle between pons and medulla

32
Q

Where does CN VIII originate from?

A

Pontomedullar junction

33
Q

What is the main symptoms of a acoustic neuroma?

A

Unilateral deafness

34
Q

What is a pituitary adenoma?

A

Benign tumour in the pituitary fossa

35
Q

What do pituitary adenomas usually secrete?

A

A pituitary hormone

36
Q

Where can pituitary adenomas grown and impinge?

A

On optic chiasma

37
Q

If someone has visual signs where could the tumour have originated and be pressing on?

A

Pituitary adenoma pressing on the optic chiasma

38
Q

What is a CNS lymphoma?

A

high grade neoplasm

Usually diffuse large B cell lymphoma

39
Q

Why are CNS lymphoma difficult to biopsy?

A

Because they are often deep and of central site in the brain

40
Q

Do CNS lymphoma usually spread outside the CNS?

A

No

41
Q

What are haemangioblastomas?

A

Tumours of blood vessels

42
Q

Where are haemangioblastomas usually located?

A

In the cerebellum

43
Q

What is the most common secondary tumour?

A

Carcinoma

44
Q

What is the histology of secondary brain tumours?

A

Similar to that of the primary tumour

Neurology System (35 decks)

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