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Neurology System > Sensory System > Flashcards

Sensory System Flashcards

1
Q

What do thermoreceptors detect?

A

Temperature

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2
Q

What do chemoreceptors detect?

A

Chemical changes

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3
Q

What do nociceptors detect?

A

Damaging stimuli/pain

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4
Q

What do proprioceptros detect?

A

Position and movement

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5
Q

What is the receptive field?

A

The specific area to which a receptor will respond to stimulus

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6
Q

What do sensory receptors transduce an adequate stimuli to?

A

Depolarisation to generate a receptor generator potential

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7
Q

What does the intensity of the stimuli encode?

A

The size of the receptor potential

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8
Q

What does the frequency of AP encode?

A

The intensity of the stimulus

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9
Q

What do receptor potential then generate?

A

Evoke firing of AP for long distance transmission

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10
Q

Does the amplitude tell us anything about the stimulus?

A

no

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11
Q

What does the receptive field encode?

A

The location of the stimulus

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12
Q

What is the duration of a series of AP proportionate to?

A

The duration of the stimulus

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13
Q

How are AP transmitted to the CNS?

A

By axons

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14
Q

What 3 types of primary afferent fibres mediate cutaneous sensation?

A

Aβ
Aδ
C

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15
Q

What are Aβ fibres?

A

Large myelinated fibres that detect touch, pressure and vibration

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16
Q

What are Aδ fibres?

A

Small myelinated fibres, detect pain and pressure

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17
Q

What are C fibres?

A

Unmyelinated fibres that detect pain

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18
Q

What 2 types of primary afferent fibres mediate proprioception?

A

Aα & Aβ

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19
Q

Where do all afferent fibres enter the spinal cord?

A

Via the dorsal root ganglion

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20
Q

What are chemoreceptive fibres?

A

(Aα & Aβ)

21
Q

Where do chemoreceptive fibres project up?

A

Straight up through the ipsilateral dorsal columns

22
Q

Where do chemoreceptive fibres synapse?

A

In the cuneate and gracile nuclei

23
Q

Where do chemoreceptive 2nd order fibres cross over?

A

In the medulla

Remember touch and pressure does not cross over at spinal cord entry

24
Q

Where do chemoreceptive fibres project from the medulla?

A

To the thalamus and cortex

25
Q

What types of fibres carry thermoreceptive and nociceptive information?

A

Aδ & C

26
Q

Where do thermo and nociceptive fibres synapse?

A

In the dorsal horn

At the level of the spinal cord

27
Q

Where do thermo and nociceptive 2nd order order fibres decussate?

A

Over the midline at the level of spinal cord entry

28
Q

Where is always the origin of the 3rd order neuron?

A

Thalamus

29
Q

Why are the tracts called spinothalmic?

A

As they travel from the spinal cord to the thalamus

30
Q

What happens to touch and vibration proprioception below a lesion on the dorsal column?

A

It is lost on the ipsilateral side

31
Q

What happens to pain an temperature below a lesion on the doral column?

A

Causes loss on the contralateral side

32
Q

Where does the sensory pathway end?

A

At the sensory cortex

Sensory homunuculus

33
Q

What does convergence save on?

A

Neurons

34
Q

What does convergence reduce?

A

Acuity

35
Q

What is lateral inhibition?

A

When activation of one sensory input causes synaptic inhibition of its neighbours

36
Q

What is the benefit of lateral inhibition?

A

Gives better definition of boundaries

37
Q

What does lateral inhibition clean up?

A

Sensory information

38
Q

What is perception?

A

How important things are in your mind

How you perceive them

39
Q

Is pain subjective?

A

Yes very

40
Q

What is pains main function?

A

To protect

41
Q

What acitvates signal transduction in nociceptors?

A

Low pH

Low chemical mediators

42
Q

What is released when tissues are crushed?

A

Bradykinin

43
Q

What is gate control theory?

A

stop information coming in at the first synapse then it cannot make its way up to the thalamus and up the spinal cord.

44
Q

What is segmental control?

A

activate inhibitory interneurons release opioid peptide which inhibit transmitter release from fibres hence closing the gate.

45
Q

What sensitises nociceptors to bradykinin?

A

Prostaglandin

46
Q

Hows to NSAID’s have an analgesic effect?

A

because they inhibit cyclo-oxygenase which converts arachidonic acid to prostaglandins
And prostaglandins sensitises nociceptors to bradykinin

47
Q

How do local anaesthetics work?

A

The block Na+ AP and all axonal transmission

They inhibit synaptic transmission between the primary afferent fibres and the 2nd order projection fibres

48
Q

How do optiates work?

A

Ð reduce sensitivity of nociceptors
Ð block transmitter release in dorsal horn (hence epidural administration)
Ð activate descending inhibitory pathways
Ð gate control theory

49
Q

What is morphine a class of?

A

Opiate

Neurology System (35 decks)

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