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anthropology > exam 2 > Flashcards

exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

The academic discipline that studies systems of production, distribution, and consumption, most typically in the industrialized world

A

economics

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2
Q

a branch of the discipline of anthropology that looks at the systems of production, distribution, and consumption, whenever they may be found, but most often in the non-industrialized world

A

economic anthropology

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3
Q

anthropologist who suggest that ideas of western, industrialized economics can be applied to any economic situation

A

formal economic theories

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4
Q

rules adopted by all societies that govern the regulation and control of such resources as land, water, and their by-products

A

allocation of resources

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5
Q

process whereby goods are obtained from the natural enviorment and altered to become consumable goods for society

A

production

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6
Q

the rules found in all societies dictating how the day-to-day tasks are assigned to the various members of a society

A

division of labor

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7
Q

reasons for the Lakota Indians hold “give aways”

A
  • thanking the community for support
  • Giving individuals their “Lakota Indian” names
  • Holding a Pow Wow
  • Distributing excesses goods
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8
Q

When a Lakota family holds a celebration to distribute food and gifts for the community during a Pow Wow

A

Lakota Giveaway

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9
Q

Event when multiple tribes come together

A

Pan-Tribal

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10
Q

co-resident, heterosexual mating, reproducing in a domestic context

A

marriage

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11
Q

Village where “woman-woman” relationship/marriage. women were not able to have the things passed down from their fathers, so often times one of the women would play the masculine roles.

A

Dahomey villages

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12
Q

Some people say that they don’t have any form of real marriage, brothers and sisters are heads of households and raising kids.

A

Nayar

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13
Q

Nuclear family

A

Parents+kids

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14
Q

extended family

A

3 or more generations, and various side relations (cousins, aunts, uncles)

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15
Q

What does the circle represent for the Native American culture

A

The drum, horizon, heart soul

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16
Q

What does the drum represent in Native American Culture

A

The human heartbeat

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17
Q

The Iroquois monetary system

A

Wampum made of Quahogshell

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18
Q

The practice of giving a gift without an expected return but with a moral obligation

A

General reciprocity

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19
Q

The practice of giving with the e pec ration that of a similar gift will be given in the opposite direction after a limited period of time

A

Balanced reciprocity

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20
Q

confusion about how one is expected to behave

A

role ambiguity

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21
Q

rule rquiring marriage outside of one’s own social or kinship group

A

exogamy

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22
Q

a rule requiring marriage within a specified social or kinship group

A

endogamy

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23
Q

marriage of a man and two or mor women

A

polygyny

24
Q

any marriage in which the selection of the spouse is outside the control of the bride and groom

A

arranged marriage

25
Q

what are consaguineal relatives

A

blood relatives

26
Q

what are affinal relatives

A

“in-laws”

27
Q

what is fictive kinship?

A

No actual relations

  • adopted
  • godparents
  • “aunts and uncles” that are just parents best friends
28
Q

What are the three types of relatives?

A
  • consaguineal
  • affinal
  • fictive kinship
29
Q

Lineality

A

Kin relationships traced in a single line, such as son, father, and grandmother

30
Q

collaterality

A

kin relationships traced through a linking relative

31
Q

kinship systems

A

those relationships found in all societies that are based on blood or marriage

32
Q

descent

A

tracing one’s kinship connections back through a number of generations

33
Q

Unilineal Decent

A

tracing decent through a single line (such as matrilineal or patrilineal) as compared to both sides (bilateral decent)

34
Q

matrilineal descent

A

a form of descent whereby people trace their primary kin connections through their mothers

35
Q

Patrilineal descent

A

a form of a decent whereby people trace their primary kin relationships through their fathers

36
Q

cognatic descent

A

a form of descent traced through both females and males

37
Q

World distribution of kinship systems- Eskimo

A
  • emphasize the Nuclear Family

- Bilateral

38
Q

World distribution of kinship systems- Hawaiian

A
  • Aunts and uncles are all considered fathers and mothers
  • All cousins are considered Brothers or sisters
  • Most prevalent
  • sex of the person and generation they are in is the only thing
39
Q

World distribution of kinship systems- Iroquois

A

-emphisise general unilineal kinship principles

40
Q

World distribution of kinship systems- Crow

A

-Matrilineal

41
Q

World distribution of kinship systems- Omaha

A
  • Patrilineal
42
Q

World distribution of kinship systems- Sudanese

A

Patrilineal

43
Q

Goods and services (natural resources, human labor and technology) to acquire, produce, and distribute to the people (patterned)

A

Economy

44
Q

A form of trading found in some of the small-scale societies in which the trading partners have no face-to-face contact

A

Silent trade

45
Q

Form of reciprocal trading found among the Trobriand Islanders involving the use of white shell necklaces and red shell bracelets

A

Kula ring

46
Q

A form of economic exchange between individuals who try to take advantage of each other

A

Negative reciprocity

47
Q

A form of economic exchange in which goods and services are given by members o a groin to a central authority (such as a chief) and then distributed back to the doors, usually in the form of a feast

A

Redistribution

48
Q

Giving of goods (usually food) to a chief as a visible symbol of the peoples’ allegiance

A

Tribute

49
Q

Physical differences between genders: men vs women

A

Men- stronger, more muscle mass, need for novelty, more focused on task at hand

Women- better fine motor control, more tolerance for boring, repetitive tasks, better multi-taskers

50
Q

Transfer of goods from the groom’s lineage to the bride’s lineage to legitimize marriage

A

Bridewealth

51
Q

A form of distribution I which goods and services are bought and sold and their value is determined by a principle of supply and demand

A

Market exchange

52
Q

A medium of exchange that has well-defined and understood value

A

Standardized currency (money)

53
Q

The direct exchange of commodities between people that does not invoke standardized currency

A

Barter

54
Q

Gender that is considered as being more reproductively expendable

A

Men

55
Q

Gender that is historically given interruptible tasks and why

A

Females, because they have to be able to drop what they are doing to tend multiple tasks

anthropology (3 decks)

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