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Dermatology > Pathology of Rashes > Flashcards

Pathology of Rashes Flashcards

1
Q

Which type of dermatitis has a strong connection with coeliac disease?

A

Dermatitis herpetiformis

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2
Q

Pemphigus vulgaris is ____ mediated

A

Pemphigus vulgaris is IgG mediated

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3
Q

Pemphigus vulgaris is an autoimmune condition

True or false?

A

True

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4
Q

After taking a skin sample in a patient with rosacea, what is often seen under microscopy?

A

Demodex folliculorum mites

(in the pilosebaceous units)

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5
Q

In which situation may bellous pemphigoid mimic pemphigus vulgaris?

A

Older lesions of bullous pemphigoid heal and re-epithelialise making the lesions look as if they have involved the epidermis

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6
Q

Which type of pemphigus is the most common?

A

Pemphigus vulgaris

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7
Q

How does pemphigus vulgaris often begin?

A

Mouth blisters

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8
Q

How can pemphigus foliaceus be differentiated from pemphigus vulgaris?

A

Mouth blistering does not occur

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9
Q

Which type of pemphigus is described by:

“Thick painful lesions develop in the groin and axilla region”?

A

Pemphigus vegetans

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10
Q

Which type of pemphigus is described by:

“Blistering usually begins on the face and scalp which progresses to the chest and back. Blisters are not sore, but itchy. The skin is host to numerous moist scales and there are no mouth ulcers”

A

Pemphigus foliaceus

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11
Q

What is the least harmful variant of pemphigus?

A

IgA pemphigus

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12
Q

IgA pemphigus is most visually similar to which other form of pemphigus?

A

Pemphigus foliaceus

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13
Q

Which type of pemphigus is very rare and associated with people suffering from cancer?

A

Paraneoplastic pemphigus

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14
Q

What are potential signs and symptoms for paraneoplastic pemphigus?

A
  1. Mouth and lip sores
  2. Lesions on the eye and eyelid lining
  3. Skin blistering
  4. Serious lung issues

It is a very challenging condition to diagnose

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15
Q

Which features are associated with Rosacea?

A
  1. Recurrent facial flushing
  2. Telangiectasia
  3. Pustules
  4. Thickening of the skin
  5. Rhinophyma
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16
Q

Rosacea is more common in which gender?

A

Females

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17
Q

Where are blisters usually present within the skin in a patient with bullous pemphigoid?

A

Basement membrane of the epidermis

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18
Q

Which factors can aggravate rosacea?

A
  1. Hot/spicy food
  2. Exercise
  3. Emotion
  4. Alcohol
  5. Sunlight
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19
Q

Which term refers to the persistance of nuclei within the keratin layer?

A

Parakeratosis

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20
Q

What is the process behind the development of pemphigus vulgaris?

A
  1. IgG antibodies form to desmoglein 3
  2. Desmosomal attachments are destroyed as immune complexes form and complement/proteases are released
  3. Blisters form
  4. Acantholysis occurs - the loss of intercellular connections
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21
Q

Spongiotic oedema is characteristic of which condition?

A

Eczema

22
Q

In psoriasis, new lesions form at sites of trauma, what is the term given to describe this?

A

Koebner phenomenon

23
Q

What do immunobullous diseases involve?

A

Formation of vesicles and bullae

24
Q

What is the epidermal basement membrane composed of?

A

Laminin and collagen type IV

25
Q

Why does acne affect adolescents worse than other age groups?

A
  1. Androgens increase the size of sebaceous glands
  2. Sebum production increases
26
Q

Which factor is common to all type of pemphigus

A

Acantholysis

27
Q

Which type of collagen is bundled in the reticular dermis?

A

Type 1

28
Q

What is the hallmark of dermatitis herpetiformis?

A

Papillary dermal microabscesses

29
Q

In which way do melanocytes look distinctive?

A

Cells with a pale halo

30
Q

Which type of people does pemphigus characteristally affect?

A

Ashkenazi Jewish origin

31
Q

Which type of people does bullous pemphigoid characteristically affect?

A

Elderly

32
Q

Bullous pemphigoid heals without scarring

True or false?

A

True

33
Q

What is shown around the basement membrane upon fluoresence in a patient with bullous pemphigoid?

A

IgG and complement

34
Q

Which genes are associated with a higher risk of dermatitis herpetiformis?

A
  1. HLA-DQ2
  2. HLA-DQ8
35
Q

What is targerted by the immune system in dermatitis herpetiformis?

A

Epidermal transglutaminase

(found in dermal capillaries, basal cells of the epidermis)

36
Q

Which condition involves IgG antibodies reacting with antigen within hemidesmosomes, complement activation and tissue damage?

A

Bullous pemphigoid

37
Q

What causes dermatitis herpetiformis?

A

IgA deposition in the dermis

38
Q

Irregular sawtooth acanthosis is characteristic of which condition?

A

Lichen planus

39
Q

Which term(s) can describe an irregular thickening of the epithelium?

A
  1. Acanthosis
  2. Papillomatosis
40
Q

Which sign is described by:

“Punctate bleeding spots where the scales are scraped off in psoriasis”

A

Auspitz sign

41
Q

What mediates lichen planus?

A

T cells

42
Q

Where does lichen planus most commonly affect?

A
  1. Ankles
  2. Wrists
  3. Mouth
  4. Back
  5. Legs
  6. Genitalia
43
Q

How may the lesions in lichen planus be described?

A
  1. Itchy
  2. Flat-topped
  3. Red/purple in colour
  4. Shiny
44
Q

What is the term given to:

“A fine surface network of white lines or dots”

And in which condition is it seen?

A

Wickham’s striae

Lichen planus

45
Q

How can the irritation experienced by lichen planus be treated?

A

Topical steroids (fairly potent)

(lichen planus is a self-limiting condition)

46
Q

Where are melanocytes found in the skin?

A

Dermo-epidermal junction

47
Q

What is spongiosis?

A

Oedema between cells in the epidermis

48
Q

Which condition is associated with Munro’s microabscesses?

A

Psoriasis

(collections of neutrophils attracted from the papillary dermis to the keratin layer by complement release)

49
Q

Which type of dermis houses the appendage structures?

A

Reticular dermis

50
Q

Which clinical signs are characteristic of psoriasis?

A
  1. Auspitz sign
  2. Munro’s microabscesses
  3. Rete pegs fusion
51
Q

Lichenoid disorders are characterised by damage in which location in the skin?

A

Basal epidermis

Dermatology (18 decks)

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