Chapter 4 Grammar

Question 1

Second Declension Neuter Paradigm

(endings)

Answer 1

• um
• ī
• ō
• um
• a
• ōrum
• īs
• a

Question 2

Second Declension Neuter Paradigm:

dōnum cōnsilium magnum

Answer 2

dōnum cōnsilium magnum

dōnī cōnsiliī magnī

dōnō cōnsiliō magnō

dōnum cōnsilium magnum

dōna cōnsilia magna

dōnōrum cōnsiliōrum magnōrum

dōnīs cōnsiliīs magnīs

dōna cōnsilia magna

Question 3

Declension and Agreement of Adjectives

Answer 3

• base of adjective remains constant
• adjectives agrees with its noun: case, gender, #
• So: adjectives have masc, fem, and neut. endings to be able to match the gender of whatever noun it modifies
• E.g.: magnus, magna, magnum

Question 4

Present Indicative of Sum

(note: sum is an intransitive linking verb, so it is neither active nor passive)

Answer 4

sum sumus

es estis

est sunt

Question 5

Predicate Nominatives

Answer 5

1. sum takes no direct object (intransitive)
2. sum connects subject of a clause with a noun or adjective in the predicate (i.e. a predicate nominative)
3. predicate nominatives agree with the subject in number and case, and where possible, gender
4. tricky: compound subjects of different gender
   
   • a predicate adjective usually agrees in gender with the nearest
   • but: masculine often predominates

Question 6

Substantive Adjectives

Answer 6

• an adjective used in place of a noun
  
  • (“the meek shall inherit the earth”)
• translation into English sometimes requires addition of “man/men” or “woman/women” or “thing/things”
• e.g. Bonās saepe laudant = They often praise the good [women].