Chapter 7 Grammar

Question 1

Third Declension Basics

Answer 1

• contains nouns of all three genders, fairly evenly represented
• has a great variety of Nominative Singular endings
• but: all characterized by the Gentive Singular ending: -is
• declension follows same principle as 1st and 2nd to find the base:
  
  • drop the Genitive Singular ending (-is)
  • add the desired ending
• essential to memorize the gender as part of the vocab entry!
• essential to look at the Genitive Singular ending to identify its declension!

Question 2

3rd Declension Masculine Guidelines

Answer 2

• includes a large group of agent nouns: persons performing actions (actor, lover, etc.)
• -or, -ōris
• examples:
  
  • amor, -amōris
  • labor, labōris
  • victor, victōris
  • scrīptor, scrīptōris

Question 3

3rd Declension Femine Guidelines

Answer 3

• includes a large number of abstract nouns: signifying abstract concepts
• -tās, -tātis
  
  • vēritās, vēritātis
  • lībertās, lībertātis
• -tūs, -tūtis
  
  • virtūs, virtūtis
  • senectūs, senectūtis
• -tūdō, -tūdinis
  
  • multitūdō, multitūdinis
  • pulchritūdō, pulchritūdinis
• -tiō, -tiōnis
  
  • nātiō, natiōnis
  • ōrātiō, ōrātiōnis

Question 4

3rd Declension Neuter Guidelines

Answer 4

• -us
  
  • genus, generis
  • corpus, corporis
  • tempus, temporis
• -e, -al, -ar
  
  • mare, maris
  • animal, animālis
  • exemplar, exemplāris
• -men
  
  • carmen, carminis
  • nōmen, nōminis

Question 5

3rd Declension Noun Case Endings

(M/F & Nt. Singular)

Answer 5

Masc/Fem: Neut:

• Nom. — —
• Gen. -is -is
• Dat. -ī -ī
• Acc. -em —
• Abl. -e -e

Question 6

3rd Declension Noun Case Endings

(M/F & Nt. Plural)

Answer 6

Masc/Fem Neut.

• Nom: -ēs -a
• Gen. -um -um
• Dat. -ibus -ibus
• Acc. -ēs -a
• Abl. -ibus -ibus

Question 7

rēx (m.)

Answer 7

“king” (masc.)

• Base Singular: rēx, rēgis
• Sg. Nom: rēx (rēg-s)
• Sg. Gen: rēg-is
• Sg. Dat: rēg-ī
• Sg. Acc: rēg-em
• Sg. Abl: rēg-e
• Pl. Nom: rēg-ēs
• Pl. Gen: rēg-um
• Pl. Dat: rēg-ibus
• Pl. Acc: rēg-ēs
• Pl. Abl: rēg-ibus

Question 8

virtūs (f)

Answer 8

“merit” (fem.)

Base Singular: virtūt-

Sg. Nom: virtūs

Sg. Gen: virtūtis

Sg. Dat: virtūtī

Sg. Acc: virtūtem

Sg. Abl: virtūte

Pl. Nom: virtūtēs

Pl. Gen: virtūtum

Pl. Dat: virtūtibus

Pl. Acc: virtūtēs

Pl. Abl: virtūtibus

Question 9

homō (masc.)

Answer 9

“man” (msc.)

Base Singular: homin-

Sg. Nom: homō

Sg. Gen: hominis

Sg. Dat: hominī

Sg. Acc: hominem

Sg. Abl: homine

Pl. Nom: hominēs

Pl. Gen: hominum

Pl. Dat: hominibus

Pl. Acc: hominēs

Pl. Abl: hominibus

Question 10

corpus (neut.)

Answer 10

“body” (neut)

Base Singular: corpor-

Sg. Nom: corpus

Sg. Gen: corporis

Sg. Dat: corporī

Sg. Acc: corpus

Sg. Abl: corpore

Pl. Nom: corpora

Pl. Gen: corporum

Pl. Dat: corporibus

Pl. Acc: corpora

Pl. Abl: corporibus