education Flashcards
who provided most education for children in Britain during 1918?
LEA’s which had been created in 1902 - local education authorities:
- paid for teachers
- and provided free school meals for children
- ensured the upkeep of school buildings
- monitored teachers standards.
what was the first act of reform in education?
1918 - education act based on the Lewis report which:
- changed the school leaving age to 14
- new range of county colleges providing vocational courses, employers were obliged to release their young employee’s to attend at least once a week.
- divided the ciriculum into practical instruction ( less able ) and advanced instruction (more able.)
most of the costs were transfered from the LEA’s to the central government making education centralised and the 1918 act a watershed moment in history.
what did the Hadow committee suggest?
1926
- they suggested to get rid of elementary schools and dividing it into primary and secondary schools with children transfering at age 11
- raise the school leaving age to 15.
these suggestions however were not implemented due to the cost.
what was the % of children in school in 1931?
only 20%
what was the impact of WW2 to education?
- armed forces had to teach basic literacy and numbers to lower ranks
- the technological complexity of modern warfare meant that education soldiers were needed.
what was the Butler act and when was it made?
1944 - Education act ( Butler Act ) and the later Scottish education act 1945:
- created a Tripartite system which matched closely to Britain’s class system.
- Grammar schools, intended to make an academic Curriculum and was open to all children who could pass the 11+
- secondary moderns, educated lower classes, had fewer resources and less qualified teachers.
- Secondary Technical schools, this was intended to educate middle classes for a life in science or engineering.
what was the impact of the Butler act?
for the first time millions of working class children had free and compulsory education and girls who had previously been excluded from secondary education.
what type of school grew through out the late 50’s and early 60’s?
comprehensive schools - they included all children regardless of their ability this was to prevent kids from feeling stigmitised at age 11.
- grew under labour
- offered more places
- more diversified.
what was the crowther report?
1959 - this was put through due to governement being concerned about social and industrial needs. it made a series of recommendations including:
- raising the school leaving age to 16
- creating county colleges / and more technichal colleges for post 16
- sixth form teachers of high intellectual calibre
- widening the course options
what was the Newsom Report?
1963 - created more practical and vocational subjects
- sex ed was made essential
- helped less able children as more attention was paid
- research into methods to help struggling kids or kids with mental difficulties.
what were comprehensive’s like under Heaths government?
Margaret Thatcher was Heath’s education secretary and she encouraged the merging of secondary moderns with grammar schools.
what was the 1976 education act?
- left labour wanted to abolish selection funding
- Wilson new this would be popular however instead he ended direct grant schools
- teachers supported the government suggesting that this would take the elitism out of education
why did the 1976 act not help stop elitism but instead encourage it ?
because the direct grant school couldn’t afford to keep running so turned into private schools.
what was progressive education?
during the 60’s and 70’s older priciples of teaching such a rote learning changed to “child-centred learning “ this was a result of the Plowden repport.
what was the Plowden report?
1967 - recommended:
- end to corporal punishment
- giving children more freedom
- encouraging teachers to help and advise rather than lecture children.
