6.6 human reproduction & menstrual cycle

Question 1

label male reproductive system

Answer 1

see ipad

Question 2

label female reproductive system

Answer 2

see ipad

Question 3

function of testis

Answer 3

responsible for the production of sperm and testosterone (male sex hormone)

Question 4

function of epididymis

Answer 4

Site where sperm matures and develops the ability to be motile (i.e. ‘swim’) – mature sperm is stored here until ejaculation

Question 5

function of vas deferens

Answer 5

Long tube which conducts sperm from the testes to the prostate gland (which connects to the urethra) during ejaculation

Question 6

function of seminal vesicle

Answer 6

Secretes fluid containing fructose (to nourish sperm), mucus (to protect sperm) and prostaglandin (triggers uterine contractions)

Question 7

function of prostate gland

Answer 7

Secretes an alkaline fluid to neutralise vaginal acids (necessary to maintain sperm viability)

Question 8

function of Cowper’s gland

Answer 8

They produce thick clear mucus prior to ejaculation that drains into the spongy urethra

Question 9

function of urethra (in male reproductive system)

Answer 9

Conducts sperm / semen from the prostate gland to the outside of the body via the penis (also used to convey urine)

Question 10

function of penis

Answer 10

Urination & sexual intercourse

Question 11

function of erectile tissue

Answer 11

The erectile tissue contains thousands of spaces. During sexual arousal, the spaces fill with blood, and your penis becomes hard and rigid (erection). An erection allows you to have penetrative sex

Question 12

function of ovaries

Answer 12

where oocytes mature prior to release (ovulation) – it also responsible for estrogen and progesterone secretion

Question 13

function of Fallopian tube

Answer 13

channels for oocyte transport and fertilization

Question 14

function of fimbriae

Answer 14

a fringe of tissue adjacent to an ovary that sweep an oocyte into the oviduct

Question 15

function of uterus

Answer 15

The uterus is the organ where a fertilised egg will implant and develop (becoming an embryo)

Question 16

function of cervix

Answer 16

a small canal that connects your uterus and vagina. It allows fluids to leave and enter your uterus.

Question 17

function of vagina

Answer 17

Passage leading to the uterus by which the penis can enter (uterus protected by a muscular opening called the cerv

Question 18

function of endometrium

Answer 18

preparation for implantation, maintenance of pregnancy if implantation occurs, and menstruation in the absence of pregnancy

Question 19

2 pituitary hormones

Answer 19

FSH - Follicle stimulating hormone
LH - Luteinizing hormone

Question 20

2 ovarian hormones

Answer 20

Estrogen
Progesterone

Question 21

hormone

Answer 21

signaling molecules secreted from glands, distributed widely thru body but target certain organs

Question 22

what do pituitary hormones target?

Answer 22

ovaries

Question 23

where is pituitary gland located?

Answer 23

in the brain

Question 24

follicle

Answer 24

immature egg

Question 25

what happens in the follicular phase? (4 steps)

Answer 25

1. FSH stimulates the growth of several follicles 2. One follicle is more developed and it secretes estrogen (which inhibits the growth of other follicles). 3. High levels of estrogen inhibits the secretion of FSH and stimulates the secretion of LH 4. Estrogen stimulates the development of the endometrium

Question 26

what happens during ovulation? (2 steps)

Answer 26

1. Surge in LH causes egg release 2. The ruptured follicle becomes the corpus luteum

Question 27

what happens in the luteal phase? (4 steps)

Answer 27

1. Corpus luteum secretes progesterone (and some estrogen) 2. Progesterone maintains the development of the endometrium 3. Progesterone inhibits the secretion of FSH and LH 4. The corpus luteum degenerates, progesterone levels drop, and the endometrium cannot be maintained (menses)

Question 28

where is FSH secreted from?

Answer 28

anterior pituitary

Question 29

function of FSH (2)

Answer 29

* stimulates follicular growth * stimulates estrogen secretion (from developing follicles)

Question 30

where is estrogen secreted from?

Answer 30

ovaries (developing follicle)

Question 31

function of estrogen (3)

Answer 31

* development of endometrium * stimulates LH secretion (follicular phase) * inhibits LH and FSH (luteal phase)

Question 32

where is LH secreted from?

Answer 32

anterior pituitary

Question 33

function of LH (3)

Answer 33

* surge causes ovulation * development of corpus luteum * stimulates progesterone secretion

Question 34

where is progesterone secreted from?

Answer 34

ovaries (corpus luteum)

Question 35

function of progesterone (2)

Answer 35

* thickening of endometrium * inhibits LH and FSH (luteal phase)

Question 36

feedback mechanisms in menstrual cycle

Answer 36

In biology hormones can stimulate more production of a product (positive feedback loop) or they can inhibit the secretion of a product (negative feedback loop). Physiological processes rely on these feedback mechanisms to function properly.

Question 37

sex differentiation: testosterone

Answer 37

SRY gene on the Y chromosome causes embryonic gonads to develop as testes and to secrete testosterone

Question 38

secondary sexual characteristics caused by testosterone

Answer 38

Muscle development Body hair growth Deepening of the voice Sperm production Increased sex drive

Question 39

sex differentiation: estrogen

Answer 39

In the absence of the SRY gene on the Y chromosome, embryonic gonads develop into ovaries and secrete estrogen and progesterone

Question 40

secondary sexual characteristics caused by estrogen

Answer 40

Breast development Increase fat deposition Widening of the hips Menstrual cycle Body hair growth Increased sex drive

Question 41

draw Flowchart of Hormonal Actions During Menstrual Cycle

Answer 41

see 6.6 on ipad

Question 42

The function of any negative feedback

Answer 42

to help stabilize the action

Question 43

thyroxine

Answer 43

gulates the metabolic rate and helps control body temperature. It activates cells to generate more energy, to grow and synthesise proteins. As a result, it increases production of body heat.

Question 44

Leptin

Answer 44

responsible for suppressing appetite after a meal. secreted from fat cells

Question 45

Which part of the male reproductive system is responsible for storing sperm before ejaculation?

Answer 45

epididymis

Question 46

why is human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) injected in a woman 36 hours before egg collection?

Answer 46

In order to facilitate the maturation of eggs prior to collection.