Chapter 4

Question 1

Mass Media

Answer 1

Print, radio, television, and other communication technologies

Question 2

Mass

Answer 2

implies that the media reach many people

Question 3

Media

Answer 3

any form of communication that targets a mass audience to print or electronic format

Question 4

Protestant Reformation

Answer 4

• Martin Luther protested Catholic church practices and was excommunicated
• he believed that people should read the Bible for themselves
• Luther’s new form of Christianity become established in Europe
• The bible became the first mass media product

Question 5

democratic movements

Answer 5

• citizens demanded and achieved representation in government
• citizens wanted to be literate and gain access to previously restricted centres of learning
• democratic governments needed an informed citizenry
• democratic governments encouraged literacy and the growth of a free press

Question 6

Capitalist Industrialization

Answer 6

• needed a literate and numerate workforce
• needed rapid means of communication for efficient business
• mass media was also a major profit industry

Question 7

functionalism

Answer 7

Functions of the Mass media:

1. Coordinating the operation of industrial and postindustrial societies
2. socialization - transmission of norms, values and culture
3. social control - ensure conformity
4. Provide entertainment

Question 8

Impact of media on individuals and society

Answer 8

• defines social problems
• shapes public debates
• defines boundaries between groups

Question 9

Administrative approaches

Answer 9

effects of media messages on individuals’ thoughts, feelings, and behaviours. Similar to more objectivist deviance scholars, positivist theories

Question 10

Desensitization

Answer 10

more exposure to violence makes people more tolerant of violence

Question 11

Critical Approaches

Answer 11

the media constructs events, issues and identities. Intertwined with structures of power in society. Similar to more subjectivist deviance scholar. Interpretive and critical theories

Question 12

Framing

Answer 12

the overall way that an issue is depicted in the media. Individuals, social issues, health conditions and social groups

Question 13

conflict Theory

Answer 13

media ownership and media bias (advertising, sourcing and flak)

Question 14

Interpretive Approaches

Answer 14

people do not change their attitudes and behaviours just because the media tells them to do so

Question 15

Interpretive Approaches: two-step flow of communication

Answer 15

1. respected people of high status independently judge and evaluate media messages
2. These “opinion leaders” then pass on their interpretation to others in the community

Question 16

Media Imperialism

Answer 16

the control of a mass medium by a single national culture and the undermining of other national cultures

Question 17

Criticisms of Internet

Answer 17

1. restricts access
2. promotes American content
3. increases the power of media congolmerates

Question 18

media convergence

Answer 18

the blending of the telephone, the world wide web, television, and other communications media as new, hybrid media forms

Question 19

social media usage can affect

Answer 19

1. identity
2. social relations
3. social activism

Question 20

The media-deviance nexus

Answer 20

media as a cause of deviance, media constructs deviance and normality, media as a tool for deviance, medias as a site of the deviance dance, and devinatization of forms of media

Question 21

cyberdeviance

Answer 21

deviant acts that are committed using computer technology

Question 22

cybercrime

Answer 22

hacking, identity theft, credit card fraud

Question 23

cyberterrorism/cyberespionage

Answer 23

malicious hacking at attack businesses or societal infrastructures