chapter 8- exam 2

Question 1

frontal cortex

Answer 1

higher cognitive functions, social understanding, abstraction, consciousness, problem solving, self control, cooperation, negative emotions

Question 2

brain asymmetry

Answer 2

the degree to which the two sides of the brain respond differently, may be an individual difference associated with emotional sensitivity

Question 3

hemispheres

Answer 3

• pleasant emotion (left) and unpleasant emotion (right)
• approach ( left) and withdrawal (right)
• inhibition of reactions to unpleasant stimuli (left)

Question 4

somatic marker hypothesis

Answer 4

• idea that the bodily emotional component of thought is necessary part of problem solving and decision making

Question 5

neural context effect

Answer 5

• its important to look at more than one area of the brain to understand complex processes
• persistence requires two areas of the frontal cortex and part of the straitum

Question 6

ascending reticular activating system (ARAS)

Answer 6

• connected to the cerebral cortex and rest of brain
• regulation of balance between arousal and calming by allowing information into the brain
• introverts= overaroused
• extraverts= underaroused
• lemon juice test= sour for introverts

Question 7

amygdala

Answer 7

• links perceptions and thoughts with emotional meaning
• role is assessing whether a stimulus is threatening or rewarding
• relevant traits: anxiety, fearfulness, aggression, sociability, sexuality, optimism
• some theorize that anxiety is caused by an overactive amygdala
• charles whitman (ut shooter) had tumor near amygdala

Question 8

neurotransmitters

Answer 8

• communication among the neurons

- an electrical impulse causes neurons to release neurotransmitter chemicals into the synapse

Question 9

synapse

Answer 9

the gap in the neurons

Question 10

hormone

Answer 10

a biological chemical that affects the body in a location different from where the chemical is produced

Question 11

dopamine

Answer 11

• involved in responding to rewards and approaching attractive objects and people
• related to sociability, general activity level, and novelty seeking
• reward deficiency syndrome: related to problems with processing dopamine
• syndrome results in: alcoholism, drug abuse, smoking, compulsive overeating, ADD, pathological gambling

Question 12

serotonin

Answer 12

• role in inhibition of behavioral impulses, particularly emotional impulses
• serotonin depletion syndrome: dangerous criminals, arsonists, and violent, suicidal individuals, irrational anger, hypersensitivity to rejection, chronic pessimism, obsessive worry, and fear of risk taking
• prozac: a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

Question 13

Epinephrine

Answer 13

• adrenaline
• released in response to stress, create the fight or flight response
• can cause problems if too easily triggered
• can lead to anxiety and neuroticism

Question 14

oxytocin

Answer 14

• role in mother-child bonding, romantic attachment, social recognition, anxiety and sexual response
• females might respond differently to stress
• fight or flight and tend and befriend are only the initial response to stress

Question 15

cortisol

Answer 15

• released in response to stress to prepare body for action
• chronically hgih levels in people with severe stress, anxiety, and depression
• low levels related to post traumatic stress disorder and sensation seeking

Question 16

emotions and decision making

Answer 16

• the anterior cingulate is important for experiencing emotion