chapter 10- exam 2

Question 1

psychic determinism

Answer 1

• everything that happens in a persons mind, including everything a person thinks and does, has a specific cause
• free will and random accidents do not exist

Question 2

internal structure

Answer 2

the mind is made of separate parts that function independently and can conflict with each other

Question 3

psychic conflict

Answer 3

one part of the mind being at cross-purpose with another part of the mind

Question 4

psychic or mental energy

Answer 4

• assumption that the psychological part of the mind needs energy
• modern thought: information-processing capacity is limited ( we slow down when doing too much mental activity at once)

Question 5

Id

Answer 5

irrational and emotional

Question 6

ego

Answer 6

rational

Question 7

superego

Answer 7

moral

Question 8

compromise formation

Answer 8

• finding a compromise among the different structures of the mind and the different things the individual wants
• egos main job
• middle ground is whats realistic

Question 9

freud’s psychosexual stages

Answer 9

• psychosexual development
• physical focus: where energy is concentrated and gratification is obtained
• psychological theme: related to the physical focus and the demands from the outside world
• adult character type: associated with being fixated, or not resolving the psychological issues in a stage
• fixation and regression

Question 10

oral stage

Answer 10

• timing: birth to 18 months
• physical focus: mouth, lips, tongue
• only Id exists
• two ways things can go wrong: needs are not fulfilled or needs are fulfilled instantly and automatically
• adult character: too independent (refuses all help) and passive (spends time thinking about what they want and not how to get it)

Question 11

anal stage

Answer 11

• timing: about 18 months to 3 years
• physical focus: anus and organs of elimination
• psychological theme: self control and obediences
• development of the ego
• two ways things can go wrong: too demanding and not demanding enough
• adult character
• overcontrolled
• undercontrolled

Question 12

phallic stage

Answer 12

• timing: 3 to 7 years
• physical focus: sexual organs
• basic task: coming to terms with sex differences and their implications
• psychological themes
• gender identity and sexuality; figure out what it meas to be a boy or girl; develop a self image as masculine or feminine
• identification: taking on many of the same sex parents attitudes, values, and ways of relating to the opposite sex
• development of morality conscience, and superego
• adult character: rigid moral code (asexual), lack of moral code (promiscuous), sexual deviation (homosexuality)

Question 13

latency stage

Answer 13

• timing: 7 to puberty
• a break from development
• libido interest are suppressed
• concentrate on learning the tasks of childhood
• ego and superego contribute to this calm period

Question 14

genital stage

Answer 14

• timing: puberty and on
• physical focus: genitals, sexuality in the context of a mature relationship
• focus on creation and enhancement of life
• psychological theme: maturity
• achievement: well-adjusted and balanced

Question 15

secondary process thinking

Answer 15

• conscious thought
• rational and practical
• able to delay or redirect gratification
• how the conscious part of the ego thinks
• develops second; less important role

Question 16

primary process thinking

Answer 16

• the way the unconscious mind operates
• does not contain the idea of no
• goal is immediate gratification
• rarely conscious
• seen in very young children, during delirium and dreams, and sometimes when psychotic
• can leak out
• slips of the tonuge
• accidents
• memory lapses

Question 17

free association

Answer 17

• sigmund freud
• patient says whatever came to mind; to get people to talk about difficult topics
• the talking cure

Question 18

talking cure

Answer 18

makes thoughts and fears explicit so the conscious, rational mind can deal with them

Question 19

unconscious (mind)

Answer 19

• areas and processes of the mind of which a person is not aware
• psychoanalysis emphasizes the unconscious
• supported by modern research
• contradictions of thoughts and behavior can be resolved usually by looking at the unconscious part of the mind

Question 20

psychoanalytic therapy

Answer 20

• unconscious conflicts theorized as the reason people are anxious and unhappy
• use clues to reveal he contents of the unconscious
• based on free association, slips of the tongue, and dreams
• resolve problems by bringing unconscious conflicts to the surface so ego can deal with them
• takes time and can be painful
• may increase anxiety in the beginning
• patients must be comforted and guided through this process via therapeutic alliance

Question 21

transference

Answer 21

the tendency to bring ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving that developed in response to one important relationship into a relationship with a different person

Question 22

controversy for key ideas of psychoanalysis

Answer 22

• moral: many do not like emphasis on sex and sexual energy
• scientific: beliefs that theory is unscientific
• personal level: people do not want to be told why they really did something, especially when you are correct