B4.063 Prework 1: Nutrition and Cardiovascular Disease Flashcards
AHA/ACC recommendations for lifestyle management to reduce CVD risk
- consume a dietary pattern that emphasizes intake of: vegetables, fruits, and whole grains; includes low fat dairy products, poultry, fish, legumes, non-tropical vegetable oils and nuts; and limits intake of sweets, sugar sweetened beverages, and red meats
- adapt this dietary pattern for calorie needs, food/cultural preferences, and nutrition therapy for co-morbid conditions
- achieve and maintain a healthy weight
- engage in aerobic physical activity 2.5 hr/wk
overview of some primary CVD prevention strategies
healthy diet smoking cessation hypertension control dyslipidemia control exercise weight loss/control blood sugar control in diabetics small amts of alcohol
2 primary dietary patterns discussed
Mediterranean
DASH
food based recommendations
increased fruit and veggie consumption consume fish > 2 times/week choose whole grains over refined grains consume nuts, legumes, seeds limit alcohol
what is the major proven benefit of the Mediterranean diet?
most evidence in showing a decrease in CVD incidence and death
effects of Mediterranean diet
2 unit increase in diet score associated with 10% reduction from death or incidence of CVD
2 unit increase in diet score associated with 14% lower incidence of MI
lyon diet heart: reduced CVD by 76% compared to western diet
PREDIMED: 28-30% reduction in cardio events in high risk participants
what is the Mediterranean diet
4 or more servings of fruit per day 4 or more servings of veggies per day 6 or more servings of whole grain per day 2 or more servings of fish each week 1 serving yogurt/cheese per day 1 service of nuts or cooked beans per day primarily olive oil for added fats monthly consumption of meats
what is the premise for how the Mediterranean diet works?
overall food pattern more effective than isolated foods or nutrients higher MUFA compared to sat fats higher intake of fiber more vitamins low meat intake
what are the 2013 AHA/ACC guidelines for BP lowering
- consume a dietary pattern that emphasizes intake of: vegetables, fruits, and whole grains; includes low fat dairy products, poultry, fish, legumes, non-tropical vegetable oils and nuts; and limits intake of sweets, sugar sweetened beverages, and red meats
- lower sodium intake by 1000 mg/d
- consume no more than 2400 mg/d sodium
- exercise 3-4 sessions/wk for an average of 40 min/session at moderate0vigorous intensity
what is the major benefit of the DASH diet?
most evidence in showing a decrease in hypertension
evidence to lower LDL cholesterol
effects of the DASH diet
- reduce BP by 11.4/5.5 in hypertensives and 3.5/2.1 in normotensive
- low sodium DASH diet reduced BP more than DASH alone
- reduced LDL-C by 11 mg/dL, HDL by 4 mg/dL
- decreased CVD events
- worked particularly well for those of African descent but recent data suggest lower adherence
what is the DASH diet
4-5 servings fruit 4-5 servings veggies 7-8 servings whole grains 2 or less servings of meat, poultry, fish 2-3 servings low fat dairy 4-5 servings nuts per week 2-5 sweets per week restricted sat fat, red meat low salt more effective
premise of how to DASH diet works
high fiber
more vitamins
reduced animal products
high potassium, calcium, magnesium
differences between Mediterranean and DASH diets
med: -higher fat -dairy cultured or cheese products -includes moderate red wine -savor food -quality over quantity -social dining DASH: -lower fat -low fat and nonfat dairy -restricts sweets -restricts fried foods
what do DASH and Mediterranean have in common
prudent pattern: veggies, fruits, legumes, fish, poultry, whole grains
reduced risk for CHD
lower CVD mortality
