B4.077 Cariopulmonary Disease in Geriatrics Flashcards

1
Q

arteries

A

stiff

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2
Q

aorta

A

stiff

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3
Q

baroreceptor sensitivity

A

decreases; not as responsive

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4
Q

B-adrenergic response

A

decreases; not as responsive

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5
Q

left ventricle

A

stiff

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6
Q

atria

A

dilate

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7
Q

chest wall

A

stiff

joints don’t work as well

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8
Q

diaphragm

A

weakens

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9
Q

bronchi

A

stiff

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10
Q

alveoli

A

lose their elastic recoil

atelectasis

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11
Q

veins

A

stiff, valves don’t work as well

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12
Q

which type of heart failure is associated with aging?

A

diastolic

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13
Q

why does aortic stenosis occur with aging?

A

thickening and calcification of the valve leaflets

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14
Q

why do you have to be careful with BP management in older patients?

A

aorta is stiffer and less compliant
need higher pressure to get blood out
lowering BP too much could result in orthostatic hypotension

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15
Q

why does a-fib occur in older populations?

A

dilation of atria results in subsequent dilation of the conduction system
fewer pacer cells present

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16
Q

what 3 characteristics make elderly populations more susceptible to pneumonia

A

waning immune system
reduce ciliary function, decreased effectiveness of mucociliary elevator
decreased ability to cough

17
Q

what 3 factors make elderly populations more susceptible to PEs

A

inactivity
stiff valves in veins
weaker muscles struggle to circulate blood effectively

18
Q

common cardiopulm complications in hospitalized seniors

A

a fib
CHF
DVT/PE
penumonia

19
Q

common cardiac syndromes in aging

A
aortic stenosis
a fib
coronary ischemia
DVT/PE
diastolic HF
isolated systolic hypertension
systolic HF
orthostatic hypotension
20
Q

physiologic change leading to systolic hypertension

A

decreased compliance

21
Q

mechanism of decreased arterial compliance

A

fibrosis

loss of elasticity

22
Q

physiologic change leading to atherosclerosis

A

vascular intimal thickening

decreased arterial compliance

23
Q

mechanism of atherosclerosis

A

elastin fragmentation
fibrosis
loss of elasticity
altered tissue repair

24
Q

physiologic change leading to LV dysfunction

A

increased LV wall thickness

25
Q

mechanism of LV dysfunction

A

increased myocyte size

26
Q

physiologic change leading to a fib

A

increased atrial volume

decreased SA node automaticity

27
Q

physiologic change leading to orthostatic hypotension

A

decreased baroreceptor sensitivity

decreased arterial compliance

28
Q

how can older people present with vitals that would make a younger person much much sicker?

A

less reflex responses to changes

body doesn’t react to stress at same levels