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Bordeaux( France) Flashcards

1
Q

How would you describe Bordeaux climate?

A

Bordeaux has a moderate maritime climate.

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2
Q

Which Ocean Current warms Bordeaux?
This warming ocean current extends the growing season: spring frosts are rarely a problem and grape ripening can continue well into October.

A

The Gulf Stream

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3
Q

It be very risky to rely too heavily on one variety in Bordeaux. The different varieties permitted in Bordeaux flower and ripen at different times, meaning that __________________1_______________.

A

One bad frost or heavy shower is unlikely to ruin an entire crop.

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4
Q

What are the three major and one minor red grape varieties?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon
Cabernet Franc
Merlot
Petit Verdot

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5
Q

What are the two major and one minor white grape varieties?

A

Semillon
Sauvignon Blanc
Muscadelle

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6
Q

The Atlantic also brings high levels of rainfall and humidity. The vineyards are protected from the worst of the Atlantic storms by the ______1_____ and the _________2_______ that lie to the west of the region.

A

1=Landes forest

2= coastal sand dunes

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7
Q

_________1________ dominates in the Haut-Medoc, and it is very important in the Bas-Medoc and the Graves. The high stone/gravel content of the soils here raises vineyard temperature and consequently these are the only areas 1 can reliably ripen. Here it can account for three-quarters of the blend in the finest wines.

A

Cabernet Sauvignon

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8
Q

________1_______ is widely used in Saint-Emilion and, to a lesser extent, in the Medoc and Graves. It produces wines with less body and tannin than Cabernet Sauvignon. It can have herbaceous or stalky flavours when unripe but when ripe it can contribute vibrant fruit and floral notes to a blend. Like Cabernet Sauvignon it prefers well drained warm soils.

A

Cabernet Franc

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9
Q

______1___is the most widely planted variety in Bordeaux and is particularly important in the premium wines of Saint-Emilion and Pomerol. This is because 1 can successfully grow on the cooler clay soils found in these areas, whereas Cabernet Sauvignon would struggle to ripen. 1’s softness means it is usually the grape that is predominant in high volume, inexpensive wines.

A

1=Merlot

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10
Q

_____1______ has far smaller plantings than the other 3 black varieties. It ripens fully only in very hot years, giving a very deep-coloured, tannic wine that ages slowly. It never plays more than a minor role in a blend, where it is used mainly to add tannin, colour and some spicy notes.

A

Petit Verdot

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11
Q

Top-quality red Bordeaux is aged in ____________1_________.

A

1= small oak barriques of 225 litres.

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12
Q

Given its thin skin and affinity for noble rot, ______1______ is the most important variety for sweet wines in Bordeaux. It is also blended with Sauvignon Blanc in the premium dry white wines of Pessac-Leognan and Graves, where is adds body to these wines.

A

1= Semillon

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13
Q

In Bordeaux, _____1_______ produces wines with citrus and green fruit aromas. It is used increasingly for varietal, dry white wines: the one exception to the generalisation that all Bordeaux wines are blends. In blended wines it provides high acidity, which is particularly necessary for sweet wines.

A

1= Sauvignon Blanc

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14
Q

______1______ has a pronounced grapey, floral flavour and plays an important supporting role in sweet and dry white wine production.

A

Muscadelle

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15
Q

The Dordogne and Garonne rivers combine to form the _______1_______and divide the Bordeaux vineyards into three broad areas.
The Left Bank
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The Right Bank

A

Gironde Estuary

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16
Q

In 1855, on the occasion of the Paris Universal Exhibition, the Bordeaux Chamber of Commerce was approached to produce an official list of their best red wines from the ______1____ and white wines from ____2_____. This is now known as the 1855 Classification.

A

1=Medoc

2= Sauternes

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17
Q

(The 1855 Classification)
Chateaux that are listed within this classification are referred to as ______1______.
In the Medoc, the chateaux were divided into five ranks. Top rank consists of Chateaux Lafite Rothschild, Latourラトゥール, Margaux and Mouton Rothschild, together with Chateau Haut-Brion from Graves. In Sauternes there are three ranks, Chateau d’Yquem occupying the top rank.

A

1= crus classes

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18
Q

The 1855 Classification accounted for only a very small number of the estates of the Medoc and therefore a further Classification of ________1______ was later introduced for other chateaux. Currently, 1 is only awarded to wines in a specific vintage, rather than to the chateaux itself, and therefore wines in a specific vintages must be submitted each year to gain classification.

A

1=cru bourgeois クリュ ブルジョワ

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19
Q

Graves(Pessac-Leognan)
The wines of the Graves are classified with parallel平行の, but separate, lists for red and white wines. There is no ranking: all listed wines may simply call themselves _____1_____. All the 1chateaux now lie within the limits of the Pessac-Leognan, as this appellation was created after Graves Classification was drawn up.

A

1= crus classes

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20
Q

Whithin Sant-Emilion there is a separate appellation Saint-Emilion Grand Cru, and within this appellation there is a classification of the best chateaux. There are reclassifications, with the possibility of promotion and demotion, which occur at least once every ten years.
List 4 from the lower step.

A

Saint-Emilion Grand Cru Classe
Saint-Emilion Premier Grand Cru Classe, which is subdivided into Premier Grand Cru ClasseA(the best), and Premier Grand Cru Classe B.

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21
Q

The output of the generic appellations is mainly red labelled as either______1_____ or _______2________( the latter designation has slightly stricter appellation rules and requires a higher level of alcohol in the final wine). The remainder is white labelled as 1 and rose labelled 1 rose or 1 Clairet.

A

1=Bordeaux
2=Bordeaux Superieur
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22
Q

(Generic Appellations)
At their best, red Bordeaux and Bordeaux Superieur are _____1_______ medium-bodied wines with ripe red and black fruit, and sometimes cedar notes from oak. Clairet undergoes a longer maceration than typical rose and is deeper in colour and fuller in body. White Bordeaux is increasingly dominated by Sauvignon Blanc and shows a vibrant ______2_____ character.

A

1=early drinking

2=grassy

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23
Q

The _____1____ lies to the north of the city of Bordeaux and Graves lies to the south. The northernmost part of the 1 is called the Bas-1, and the wines from here are labelled simply ____1____.

A

Medoc

24
Q

(Medoc)
Here, the soil is predominantly ____1__, but there are outcrops of _____2____.
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A

1=clay

2=gravel

25
Q

(Medoc)
These wines tend to have a higher proportion of _____1____ in the blend than those just to the south and tend to be more _____2________ in style.

A 
1= Merlot
2= early-drinking
26
Q

From Saint-Estephe southwards lies the more highly rated area of the _______1_______. Within the 1 there are a number of smaller appellations, sometimes referred to as ‘communes’, in which most of the higher classified chateaux can be found. From north to south, the four with highest reputation are Saint-Estephe, Pauillac, Saint-Julien and Margaux.

A

Haut-Medoc

27
Q

(Haut-Medoc)

From north to south, the four communes with highest reputation are_____1____,_______,_________and _________.

A

1= Saint-Estephe, Pauillac, Saint-Julian and Margaux.

28
Q

Haut-Medoc
These wines have a high percentage of ______1___________ in the blend and generally display a core of ______2______fruit, complemented by _____3______ notes from oak. They can have grippy tannins when young, and often have a long ageing potential.

A

1=Cabernet Sauvignon
2=blackcurrant
3=cedar

29
Q

Immediately to the south of Bordeaux lies the ______1_______, the most highly rated area in Graves. Soils, like those of the Haut-Medoc, are _____2____ and well-suited to _____3_________, but in general the wines are a little lighter in body and more fragrant than the finest wines of the Haut-Medoc.

A

1=Pessac-Leognan
2=gravelly
3=Cabernet Sauvignon

30
Q

______1_____extends to the south of Pessac-Leognan, making red wines that are similar in style, but less concentrated and complex, and usually with a higher proportion of ______2______.

A

1=Graves

2=Merlot

31
Q

The wines of the Right Bank are dominated by _____1_____ and to a lesser extent ______2________. _____3________ is the larger of the two principal appellations.

A

1= Merlot
2=Cabernet Franc
3= Saint-Emilion

32
Q

Saint-Emilion is the larger of two principal appellations, with three distinct groups of vineyards on differing soils. First are the vineyards on a plateau to the north and west of the town of Saint-Emilion. Here, areas of _____1___, ____2_______ and _____3____ soils encourage the inclusion of Cabernet Franc and, occasionally, some Cabernet Sauvignon.

A 
1= warm
2= well-drained gravel
3= limestone
33
Q

Saint-Emilion
Three distinct groups of vineyards on differing soils.
Second, there are vineyards on the _______1_____ to the south and east with _______2________soils. The most prestigious wines of Saint-Emilion come from these two sub-regions.

A

1=escarpment

2=clay limestone

34
Q

Saint-Emilion
Two sub-regions
The wines have medium to high tannins but, compared with the more structured wines of the Left Bank, they have a soft and rich mouthfeel with complex ____1____fruit and ____2____ aromas, developing _____3____ and ____4____notes as they evolve.

A

1=red berry
2=plum
3=tobacco
4=cedar

35
Q

Saint-Emilion
Three distinct groups of vineyards on differing soils.
Finally, the vineyards on ____1___ soils at the foot of escarpment are typically a source of lighter-bodied, less prestigious wines.

A

1= sandy

36
Q

(The Right Bank)
The reputation of nearby _____1______ is as high as that of Saint-Emilion. The wines tend to be richer, with a spicier, blackberry fruit character.

A

1=Pomerol

37
Q

Pomerol and Saint-Emilion are surrounded by a group of appellations that produce ________1_____ dominated wines that are stylistically similar to the more famous appellations.

A

1=Merlot

38
Q

This is a group of lesser-known red wine appellations that have agreed to share the name ______1____________. The appellations of Blayeブライ(the Right Bank), Cadillacキャディヤック(Entre-Deux-Mers), Castillonカスティヨン and Francs(both the Right Bank) are able to put their names in front of 1.

A

1= Côte de Bordeaux

39
Q

(Côte de Bordeaux)
The wines from these appellations tend to be _____1_____ based and meant for _____2__________. The best wines can offer excellent value for money. Note that Premieres Côtes de Bordeaux is a sweet wine appellation, unconnected with the Côte de Bordeaux group.

A 
1= Merlot
2= early drinking
40
Q

A few appellations are permitted to produce dry white wines. __________1_______, a large appellation located between the Rivers Garonne and Dordogne, can only produce white wines.( red wines from this area must be labelled with a generic appellation name).

A

1= Entre-Deux-Mers

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41
Q

The appellations of _____1____ and _______2______ are permitted to produce white wines as well as reds. The white wines of 1 and Entre-Deux-Mers tend to be made from Sauvignon Blanc in an unoaked style.

A 
1= Graves
2= Pessac-Leognan
42
Q

_______1_______ is the home of many of the very best dry whites, here the wines may be eligible for cru classe status. They tend to be blends of Sauvignon Blanc and Semillon and have usually been fermented and/or matured at least partly in new oak, giving a medium to full body and toasty oak flavours.

A

Pessac-Leognan

43
Q

_____1_____and ____2____ also produce premium dry whites. However, these wines cannot be sold using these appellations and instead they are sold using the generic Bordeaux appellation.

A

1= Medoc

2=Sauternes

44
Q

Top sweet wines appellations of Bordeaux are grouped on the bank of the _____1____ and its tributary the Ciron. The rivers create the ideal ______2______ conditions for noble rot to develop ______3___________.

A

1=Garonne
2= misty autumn
3= on fully ripened grapes.

45
Q

The level of noble rot in the vineyards varies from year to year. _______1______ is needed to help concentrate sugars in years when there is little noble rot.

A

Passerillage

46
Q

Passerillage
Once grapes have reached full sugar ripeness they begin to ____1_____and turn to ____2__________, increasing the sugar in the juice. ______3_________are needed for this to happen or else grey rot can develop. These wines have an over-ripe fruit character ( dried fruit, tropical fruits) and a richly textured mouthfeel.

A

1=dehydrate
2=raisins on the vine
3=Warm dry autumns

47
Q

Noble rot
The grapes must be _____1_____ before the development of the rot. Second, the grapes must be grown in a region that provides _______2__________ followed by___________3__________.

A

1= fully ripe
2=humid misty mornings
3= sunny dry afternoons

48
Q

Noble rot
_______1___ conditions in the morning allow rot to develop in the grapes. The fungus _____2_____ the grape skin with ________3______, leaving tiny holes in the skin

A

1= Damp
2=punctures
3= microscopic filaments繊維状細胞

49
Q

Noble rot
The ________1________ slow the development of the rot and cause water to _____2_____ from the grape, concentrating its acids, flavours and sugars.

A

1=warm sunny afternoons

2= evaporate

50
Q

Wines made from grapes affected by noble rot have distinctive _____,_____,______ and _________aromas.

A

honey, apricot, citrus zest and dried fruit

51
Q

Sweet wines
The best wines come from ______1______, which lies on the West Bank of the Garonne. Within 1 lies the village of ______2____. Producers in 2 have the right to use either the appellation of 2 or that of 1.

A 
1= Sauternes
2= Barsac
52
Q

(Within Sauternes lies the village of Barsac)
In these appellations, ____1_________ dominates because of its thin skin and susceptibility to botrytis. ______2________ supplies refreshing acidity and fruity aromas, and _____3_____, whee used, adds exotic perfume.

A

1=Semillon
2= Sauvignon Blanc
3= Muscadelle

53
Q

(Sauternes and the village of Barsac)
The best wines tend to be high in alcohol, sweet yet balanced by high acidity, and display the apricot and citrus peel aromas of noble rot, along with notes of ____1___ and ____2____ from oak fermentation and/or maturation.

A 
1= toast
2= vanilla
54
Q

Premium dry whites from Peasac-Leognan are frequently fermented and matured in _____1_________ and have a richness and concentrated____2____ flavour overlaying the fruit.
Semillon is blended with Sauvignon Blanc to add body.

A

1=new oak barrels

2= nutty

55
Q

(French wine laws)
PDO wines:_______1_______

PGI wines:_____2_______ or traditional term _______3_________.

Wines without a GI are termed _______4_________.

A

1= AOC(Appellation d’origine contrôlée)
2=IGP( Indication geograhique protegee)
3=Vin de Pays(VdP)
4= Vin de France

56
Q 
Which one of the following varieties is associated with Pomerol?
A) Merlot
B) Cabernet Sauvignon 
C) Cabernet Franc
D) Petit Verdot
A

A

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