Spain Flashcards
Spain has three broad climatic zones:
The north and north-west coast of Spain has a________1________.
The east coast from Catalunya in the north to the Levante further south has a_________2___________.
The Meseta Central has a ___________3____________.
1= moderate maritime climate
2= warm Mediterranean climate
3=hot continental climate
Spain has three broad climate zones:
The north and north-west coast of Spain has a moderate maritime climate dominated by Atlantic weather systems. _____1_____, with its associated risk, is high.
1=Rainfall
Spain has three broad climatic zones:
The east coast from Catalunya in the north to the Levante further south has a warm Mediterranean climate.
Many of the vineyards are moderated by the influence of the ____1__ or ____2___, depending on their location. The climate becomes increasingly hot further south.
1=sea
2=altitude
The Meseta Central, a large plateau in the centre of Spain, is mostly cut off from the influence of the sea by _____1_____ and has a hot continental climate.
1= encircling mountains
(The Meseta Central, a hot continental climate)
In winter, temperatures fall _____1_______ and in the summer temperatures are very high and rainfall is very limited. However, the summer temperatures can be moderated by the ____________2_________.
1= below freezing 2= cool nights of high altitude sites
With the notable exception of the north-west Spain, ____1____and the lack of ____2____are the biggest challenges to grape growing in Spain. Although this does mean that the incidence of fungal disease is low, it places a heavy stress on the vine.
1= heat 2= water
What kind of method can be used for grape making in Spain?_____1_____, _____2__________ remain the best way of managing this situation( heat and the lack of water) by maximising the amount of the water available to each vine and shading the fruit from excessive heat.
Where it is practical and affordable wire training is slowly being introduced to facilitate machine harvesting.
1= Low density 2= bush-trained vineyards
_____1______ is Spain’s premier black grape variety. It is grown widely throughout the vineyards of northern and central Spain. It is a thick-skinned grape, sufficient warmth to develop its flavours.
1=Tempranillo
(Tempranillo in Spain)
It is a thick-skinned grape, with medium levels of acidity, and so while it needs _____1______ to develop its flavours, hot climates without a ___________2________ could cause the wine to lack the necessary acidity for an ideal balance.
It is at its best in areas where summer temperatures are moderated by the sea and/or altitude
1= sufficient warmth 2= high diurnal temperature range
(Tempranillo in Spain)
Fermented on its own, often using _______1______ maceration, it can produce a fresh _______2_____scented Joven wine, an increasingly popular early drinking style.
1= semi-carbonic
2=strawberry
______1______ is the Spanish name for Grenache. It gives a wine ____2___ in alcohol, with a tendency to mature______3_____. It is widely used for rosados. It is also important in Priorat, where low-yielding old vines enable the production of intense, complex, full-bodied reds.
1=Garnacha
2=high
3=early
________1____________ is a thick-skinned grape variety that is drought tolerant, but needs hot, sunny conditions to ripen. It is grown in south-eastern DOs such as _____2____ and ____3____, where it can easily reach full ripeness and produces very deeply coloured, full-bodied wines with high levels of tannin and alcohol, low to medium acidity and flavours of ripe blackberry fruit.
1= Monastrell( Mourvèdre)
2=Yeclaイエクラ
3=Jumillaフミーリャ
_____1_____ is a highly valued grape but challenging to grow. It is cultivated mainly in Rioja, where it is used as part of the blend in many of the finest wines. Small quantities are used to add concentrated black fruit aromas, acidity and tannins to the structure of a wine to help it age.
Graciano
_____1____ is the Spanish name for Carignan, although it is called _____2_____ in Rioja. 1 gives wines that high in acidity, tannin and colour. A small proportion of this makes an ideal blend with Tempranillo. It is also grown in Priorat, where it is blended with Garnacha to enhance the tannic structure of the wines.
1= Carinena 2= Mazuelo
The other local black grape variety that is increasingly coming to prominence is _____1____. This suits moderate climates, giving wines with fresh fruit, medium to hight acidity, and sometimes a hint of herbaceousness.
Mencia
(Spanish wine Laws)
The Spanish for PDO is Denominacion de Origen Protegida(DOP)デノミナシオンデオリヘンプロテヒーダbut a number of traditional terms are commonly used:
________1__________ - In common with all wines of this type, these should be wines of a certain minimum quality, satisfying specifications covering grape varieties, viticulture and location.
DO
Denominacion de Origen
(Spanish law)
________1________________-DOs of at least ten years standing may apply for this more prestigious category. At present they are only two _______1____: Rioja and Priorat. Priorat wines use the Catalan terminology of ________________2_________.
1= DOCa
(Denominacion de Origen Calificada)カリフィカーダ
2= DOQ
(Denominacion d’Origen Qualificada)
(Spanish Law)
_______1______ - This category applies to a small number of single estates with high reputations. Approved estates may only use their own grapes, which must be vinified and matured on their estate.
1= Vinos de Pago( VP)
ビノデパゴ
パゴ=畑
(Spanish Law, PGI wines)
The traditional term _____________1___________ is commonly used.
1= Vino de la Tierra(VdlT)
ビノデラティエラ
The wine laws of Spain not only offer a hierarchy of PDO and PGI wines but also define the following age categories for its wine.
List the four categories.
Joven
Crianzaクリアンサ
Reserva
Gran Reserva
(Red wines) Joven Crianzaクリアンサ Reserva Gran Reserva
Minimum total ageing( months )
0
24
36
60
(Red wines) Joven Crianza Reserva Gran Reserva
Minimum time spent in barrel( months)
0
6
12
18
(White and Rose wines) Minimum total ageing ( months) Joven Crianza Reserva Gran Reserva
0
18
24
48
(White and Rose wines) Minimum time spent in barrel ( months) Joven Crianza Reserva Gran Reserva
0
6
6
6
______1______ is a white grape variety that is highly susceptible to oxidation and was used to make Sherry-like wines. With protective winemaking it can be made in a light-bodied, high-acid, melon and peach flavoured style similar in style to Sauvignon Blanc, with which it is often blended.
Verdejo
_____1_____ is grown in the north-west of Spain and has become a particularly fashionable grape variety. It is thick-skinned and thus able to resist fungal disease, which is useful in the damp climate in which it is grown. 1 is naturally high in acidity.
Albariño
____1____ is the most widely planted grape variety in Spain and the vast majority of this is planted in La Mancha in central Spain, as it is one of the few varieties that is able to cope with the extreme heat and drought conditions of the Meseta Central.
( used in the production of Brandy de Jerez)
Airen
Parellada, Xare-Lo and Macabeo are widely planted in Catalunya and are the main varieties used in ____1____ production. Of these, Macabeo, which is also known as ____2____ in Rioja, is also often used for still wine production. It can be made in an unoaked style with subtle herb and spice aromas. Traditionally it was the mainstay of heavily oaked white Riojas.
1= Cava 2= Viura
In some parts of Spain the traditional local varieties have shown limited potential for quality wines, and better wines can be made more easily from varieties such as _______\_____\________and _____. These and other international varieties are now established and widespread, especially in the north-east.
Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot
Sauvignon Blanc
Chardonnay
The principal DO regions of Spain may be grouped together into six geographical regions, based on climate and grape varieties.
List the six regions.
The upper Ebro Catalunya The Duero Valley The North West The Levante Castilla-La Mancha
There are a number of regions designated for the production of Vino de la Tierra: __________1_______, towards the north of the Meseta Central, is the most extensive.
Castilla y Leonカステーリャイレオン
(The upper Ebro)
List the 4 regions in the upper Ebro.
Rioja
Navarra
Carinena and Calatayud
(Catalunya)
List the 3 regions in Catalunya.
Catalunya
Penedes
Priorat
(The Duero valley)
List the 3 regions in the Duero valley.
Ribera del Duero
Toro
Rueda
(The north west)
List the 2 regions in the north west.
Rias Baixas
Bierzoビエルソ
