Histology

Question 1

What is the initial part of the nasal cavity lined by?

Answer 1

keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

Question 2

What is lost deeper into the nasal cavity?

Answer 2

keratin

Question 3

What is respiratory epithelium?

Answer 3

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with goblet cells

Question 4

What is under the respiratory epithelium?

Answer 4

lamina propria - a band of connective tissue containingseromucous glands

Question 5

What lines the oropharnyx and the epiglottis?

Answer 5

non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium - allows it to resist abrasion

Question 6

What lines the Larynx?

Answer 6

The walls are made up of cartilage and muscles with respiratory epithelium lining its surfaces with the exception of the vocal folds and adjacent structures

Question 7

What are the vocal folds and adjacent structures covered with?

Answer 7

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 8

What are the c shaped cartilages of the trachea lined with?

Answer 8

contains 15-20 ‘C’ shaped cartilages

The open side of the ‘C’ of the cartilage is spanned by fibroelastic tissue and smooth muscle

Question 9

What is the wall of the trachea lined with?

Answer 9

lining of respiratory epithelium backed by a basal lamina, a lamina propria of connective tissue with abundant elastic fibres and a submucosa of connective tissue that includes numerous seromucous glands

Question 10

What is the wall of the bronchus made up of?

Answer 10

respiratory epithelium, a lamina propria, a muscularis consisting of a ring ofsmooth muscle and a submucosa with adipose tissue and some seromucous glands

Question 11

What are terminal bronchioles lined with?

Answer 11

cuboidal ciliated epithelium and contain non-ciliated club cells

Question 12

What are terminal bronchioles?

Answer 12

The smallest bronchioles that lack respiratory function

Question 13

Describe type 1 alveolar cells?

Answer 13

simple squamous epithelium that lines the alveolar surfaces
These cells provide a barrier of minimal thickness that is permeable to gases
- cover 90% of surfaces

Question 14

Desribe type 2 alveolar cells?

Answer 14

polygonal in shape
the free surface is covered by microvilli and the cytoplasm displays dense membrane bound lamellar bodies which contain surfactant.
The surfactant is released by exocytosis and spreads over the pulmonary surface to reduce the surface tension at the air-fluid interface. This reduces the tendency for the alveoli to collapse at the end of expiration

Question 15

What are alveolar macrophages?

Answer 15

present in alveoli

free cells phagocytosing inhaled particles that may have escaped entrapment by the mucous lining of the airway

Question 16

Describe the visceral pleura?

Answer 16

outer layer of simple squamous epithelium called mesothelium backed by layers of fibrous and elastic connective tissue