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Dermatology > Scabies > Flashcards

Scabies Flashcards

1
Q

Describe canine scabies

A
  • parasitic, contagious dz
  • caused by Sarcoptes scabiei var. canis
  • one species and numerous varieties adapted to different hosts
    • mite is not host specific
      • ​zoonotic dz
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2
Q

Describe Sarcoptes

A
  • male mite lives on skin surface
  • fertilized females burrow into the str. corneum
  • 4 stages:
    • eggs
    • larvae (6 legs)
    • nymphs (6 legs)
    • adult (8 legs)
  • life cycle: 3 wks
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3
Q

How is Sarcoptes transmitted?

A
  • by direct contact
  • does not survive in the environment very long (up to 48h)
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4
Q

Describe the clinical presentation of sarcoptic infestation in humans

A
  • zoonotic dz
  • reactions in humans occur within 24h
    • pruritic papules
    • var. canis usually does not reproduce on human skin
    • lesions resolve within 12-14d, if no further contact with affected dogs
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5
Q

What is the pathogenesis of a sarcoptes infestation?

A
  • incubation period unknown
    • typically 21-30d (1-60d)
  • rapidity and severity of lesions and pruritus depend on:
    • previous exposure
    • # of mites
  • hypersensitivity
  • mechanic irritation
  • pruritogenic substances from saliva and feces
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6
Q

What are the clinical features of canine scabies?

A
  • intense pruritus!
  • predilection for areas w/ low hair density
    • ventral abdomen
    • pinnae (esp. margins)
    • hocks
    • elbows
  • primary lesion: papule
  • excoriations, crusts, alopecia
  • secondary infections
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7
Q

Describe the clinical features of chronic canine scabies

A
  • hyperpigmentation
  • lymphadenopathy
  • weight loss
  • hyperglobulinemia
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8
Q

Describe “Norwegian scabies”

A
  • rare form
  • thick crusts
  • numerous mites
  • little pruritus
    • ​immunosuppressed animals
    • animals receiving glucocorticoids
    • puppies
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9
Q

Describe “scabies incognito”

A
  • well groomed animals
  • intense pruritus
  • no lesions
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10
Q

How do you diagnose Scabies?

A
  • Clinical dx:
    • intense pruritus
    • papular eruption
    • typical distribution of the lesions
  • Superficial skin scrapings (KOH to facilitate digestion):
    • positive <50% of the time
  • Best areas to scrape
    • margins of pinnae
    • elbows
    • hocks
  • response to tx
  • if you suspect it, treat it
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11
Q

What is the therapy for scabies?

A
  • Topical
    • lime sulfur dips (Lym Dip)
    • Selamectin (Revolution)
    • Fripronil (Frontline)
    • Bravecto
    • Moxidectin (Advantage Multi)
  • Oral
    • Ivermectin
    • Milbemycin
    • Bravecto, Nexgard, Simparica
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12
Q

What are some general considerations you should have when treating scabies?

A
  • treat all animals in contact
  • length of treatment
  • treat secondary infections
  • pruritus may persist for a short period of time after treatment
  • resistance may develop w/ any product
  • clean environment
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13
Q

Describe LymDip

A
  • faster relief
  • strong antipruritic
  • 4-6 oz/gallon of water
  • use 1x/5 days for 7-8 times
  • yellow staining
  • sulfur smell
  • drying
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14
Q

Describe Phosmet (Paramite)

A
  • Freq resistance
  • not recommended any longer
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15
Q

Describe Fipronil

A
  • reported to kill Sarcoptes
  • not frequently used as treatment
    • larger doses than normal are required
    • freq tx
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16
Q

Describe Selamectin (Revolution) treatment

A
  • Label
  • suggested regimen: 1 dose/2 wks for 3 times
17
Q

Describe Ivermectin treatment

A
  • 250-300 mcg/kg 1x/2 wks for 3 times
  • check HW status
  • do not use in Collies, Shelties, Corgies, English Sheepdogs
18
Q

Describe Bravecto, Nexgard, Simparica, and Advantage Multi treatments

A
  • all effective treatments at labeled dose and frequency
  • Simparica was shown to be statistically non inferior to Advantage Multi
19
Q

Describe Notoedric mange (feline scabies)

A
  • rare, zoonotic dz
  • resembles Sarcoptes
  • life cycle: 21d
20
Q

What are the clinical signs of feline scabies?

A
  • extreme pruritus
  • erythema, crusting, papules
  • distribution:
    • head and neck
    • generalized
21
Q

How do you diagnose feline scabies?

A
  • clinical signs
  • superficial skin scrapings
    • freq positive for mites
  • response to tx
22
Q

How do you treat feline scabies?

A
  • LymDip
  • Revolution
  • Ivermectin
  • Bravecto (topical for cats)
  • All in contact animals need to be treated
  • Tx should be extended beyond the duration of a life cycle
23
Q

Describe Cheyletiella (“walking dandruff”)

A
  • obligate parasite
  • large parasite with hook-like mouthparts
  • spends all its cycle on the host
  • can live off the host for up to 10d
  • Three species:
    • C. yasguri (dogs)
    • C. parasitovorax (rabbits)
    • C. blakei (cats)
24
Q

How does Cheyletiella exert its effects?

A
  • digesting enzymes are excreted by the mite
    • mites eat the dissolved skin
  • skin irritation and subsequent scratching
    • hair loss, scabs and wounds
25
Q

Describe the transient zoonosis caused by Cheyletiella

A
  • papular eruption and pruritus
  • unable to reproduce on human skin
  • self-limiting once source of infestation has been removed
26
Q

Describe the life cycle of Cheyletiella

A
  • complete in 3 weeks
    • eggs
    • larvae (6 legs)
    • nymphs (8 legs)
    • adults (8 legs)
27
Q

What are the clinical signs of a Cheyletiella infestation in dogs?

A
  • usually puppies
  • scaling and pruritus
  • dorsal distribution
28
Q

What are the clinical signs of a Cheyletiella infestation in cats?

A
  • miliary dermatitis
  • mild/moderate pruritus
  • asymptomatic carriers
29
Q

What are the clinical signs of a Cheyletiella infestation in rabbits?

A
  • scaling
  • scapular area often affected
  • no primary lesions
30
Q

How do you diagnose Cheyletiella infestation?

A
  • demonstration of eggs or mites
    • combing technique
    • superficial skin scrapings
    • cellophane tape impressions
31
Q

How do you treat Cheyletiella infestations?

A
  • easily killed by most insecticides
    • pyrethrin
    • lime sulfur dips
    • ivermectin
    • fipronil
    • selamectin
  • environment should be cleaned
  • do not use Fipronil in rabbits!
32
Q

What are the organisms involved in pediculosis?

A
  • two species affecting dogs
    • biting lice
      • Trichodectes canis
    • sucking lice
      • Linognatus setosus
33
Q

Describe pediculosis

A
  • host specific
    • ​not a zoonosis!
  • spends all life cycle on host
  • life cycle: 3 wks
  • limited survival in the environment
  • spreads by direct contact
34
Q

What are the clinical signs of pediculosis?

A
  • esp. in winter months
  • variable C/S:
    • asymptomatic - intense pruritus
  • few direct lesions
  • secondary excoriations
  • seborrhea
  • anemia
  • matted coat with nits (eggs)
35
Q

How do you diagnose pediculosis?

A
  • physical ID of lice and eggs
  • brush or acetate tape impression method used to immobilize lice
    • magnifying lens facilitate detection
36
Q

How do you treat pediculosis?

A
  • clip coat in long-haired animals
  • treat to cover the life cycle
  • easily killed
    • pyrethrin
    • fipronil
    • lime sulfur dips

Dermatology (13 decks)

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