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Dermatology > Seborrhea > Flashcards

Seborrhea Flashcards

1
Q

What is the transit time for normal keratinization?

A
  • 21-22d for a cell to migrate from the basal layer to but not through the stratum corneum
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2
Q

What things alter/control sebum production and composition?

A
  • hormonal regulation
  • dietary influence
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3
Q

Define seborrhea

A
  • term used to indicate crusting
    • secca (dry)
    • oleosa (greasy)
  • primary - also called primary dz of keratinization
  • secondary - most common case, many causes
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4
Q

Describe idiopathic familial seborrhea (primary seborrhea)

A
  • presumably genetic keratinization defect
    • affect body folds (lip, neck, antecubital, axilla, inguinal, interdigital, etc)
  • predisposed breeds: cocker spaniels, springer spaniels, labradors, westies, GSD, basset hounds, doxys, schnauzers
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5
Q

What are some vitamin and mineral-related dermatoses resulting in seborrhea?

A
  • Vitamin A responsive dermatosis
  • Zinc responsive syndrome (Huskies)
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6
Q

What are you looking for on a biopsy when you suspect seborrhea?

A
  • hyperkeratosis
  • parakeratosis, esp follicular
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7
Q

What is ichthyosis?

A
  • genetically inherited dz of keratinization
  • crusting may be present at birth
  • described in several breeds
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8
Q

What is an example of a secondary cause for seborrhea keratinization disorders?

A
  • Endocrine disorder - e.g. hypothyroidism
    • signs might include follicular atrophy and keratosis, sebaceous atrophy, and epidermal atrophy
  • Environmental
  • Lipid abnormalities: diet, pancreatic insufficiency, liver dz, malabsorption, other systemic dz
  • Neoplastic: mycosis fungiodes
  • Pruritic:
    • allergies: food, atopy
    • infections: bacterial, yeast (Malassezia dermatitis)
    • parasites: Demodex
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9
Q

Describe Malassezia dermatitis

A
  • Pathogenesis:
    • saprophytic, monopolar yeasts that are lipophilic
    • they colonize the skin and mucocutaneous regions of normal pets
  • Malassezia has symbiotic relationship w/ Staph
    • mutually beneficial growth factors, no dependency
  • dermatitis usually secondary to other dz
  • does not invade the skin
  • symptoms assoc. w/ organisms may be related to hypersensitivity
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10
Q

What are some general facts about yeast?

A
  • causes odor as a result of metabolism w/ surface lipids
  • certain breeds seem predisposed to large #s of yeast and pathology assoc. w/ yeast
  • yeast #s do not always seem directly related to severity of signs
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11
Q

What are predisposing factors for Malassezia dermatitis?

A
  • high environmental humidity
  • skin folds
  • breed predisposition
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12
Q

What are some underlying diseases or problems that may predispose an animal to Malassezia dermatitis?

A
  • host immunity alteration - hypersensitivity esp (atopy)
  • endocrinopathy/seborrhea/chronic inflammation
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13
Q

What are clinical signs of Malassezia dermatitis in dogs?

A
  • intense pruritus
    • not responsive to steroids
  • alopecia
  • papules
  • lichenification
  • hyperpigmentation
  • scaling (seborrhea)
    • greasy
    • dry
  • rancid odor
  • distribution of lesions: muzzle, chin, pinnae and ear canal, feet, perilabial, perineal, ventral neck, axillae, groin, skin folds
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14
Q

Describe Malassezia infections in cats

A
  • chin acne
  • facial dermatitis
  • generalized
    • look for underlying immune suppression
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15
Q

How do you diagnose Malassezia dermatitis?

A
  • C/S
  • cytology
    • tape
    • dry scrapings
    • swabs
      • magic #?
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16
Q

How do you treat Malassezia dermatitis?

A
  • Ketoconazole
  • Itraconazole
  • Fluconazole
  • Terbinafine
  • Topical therapies
17
Q

Describe Ketoconazole therapy for Malassezia dermatitis

A
  • suggested dose: 5 mg/kg BID (with food)
  • formulation: 200 mg tablets
  • liver metabolism
  • watch for drug interactions (cP450)
  • adverse effects
  • not well tolerated in cats
18
Q

Describe Itraconazole therapy for Malassezia dermatitis

A
  • suggested dose: 5mg/kg SID PO
  • formulations: solution and capsules
  • liver metabolism
  • consider drug interactions
  • keratinophilic: pulse therapy
  • well tolerated in cats
  • adverse effects: vasculitis at high doses in dogs
19
Q

Describe Fluconazole therapy for Malassezia dermatitis

A
  • suggested dose: 2.5 mg/kg SID
  • minimal liver metabolism
20
Q

Describe Terbinafine therapy for Malassezia dermatitis

A
  • main spectrum of action
  • metabolism
  • suggested dose: 30 mg/kg SID
21
Q

Describe topical therapy for Malassezia dermatitis

A
  • Shampoo
    • Selenium sulfine (Selsun Blue) - do not use in cats
    • Ketoconazole
    • Miconazole
    • Chlorhexidine
  • Conditioner
    • Miconazole
  • Dip
    • Lime sulfur
22
Q

Describe general therapy for seborrhea complex

A
  • treat infections
  • use antiseborrheic shampoos
    • Benzoyl peroxide, sulfure, phytosphingosine, tar, ceramide
  • good diet
  • vitamin A
  • steroids

Dermatology (13 decks)

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