milestones

Question 1

neonate

Answer 1

< 4 weeks old

Question 2

infant

Answer 2

<1 year

Question 3

toddler

Answer 3

1-2 years

Question 4

pre school

Answer 4

2-5 years

Question 5

school age

Answer 5

5+ years

Question 6

adolescent

Answer 6

teenager - varies

Question 7

main childhood objectives

Answer 7

to grow
to develop and achieve full potential 
to achieve optimum health 
to be safe
to be involved 
to be cared for 
to develop indepenence

Question 8

key developmental field

Answer 8

gross motor, fine motor, speech and language, visual and hearing, self help and social

Question 9

examples of key milestones and limit ages

Answer 9

social smile - 2 months , sitting unsupported - 9 months, walking - 18 months , first words - 2 years

Question 10

prematurity correction when and when not ?

Answer 10

correct for when assessing milestones but not when administering immunisations

Question 11

why is development important

Answer 11

learning functional skills for later life
allow our brains genetic potential to be fully reached
give us the tools we need to function as older children and adults
hone skills in a safe environment

Question 12

key skills for 6m

Answer 12

sitting steadily without support?
responds to name - turns and looks
2 syllable babble
stranger awareness

Question 13

key skills for 12m

Answer 13

walks without help ?
has 1 or 2 words with meaning
uses mam or dad for parents specifically
shows shared attention/ pointing to things of interest
feeds self with spoon

Question 14

key skills for 2 years

Answer 14

scribbles with circular motion , vocabulary 30-50 words , plays pretend games

Question 15

key skills for 3 years

Answer 15

draws or copies a complete circle, toilet trained but may need help , rides tricycle

Question 16

factors influencing development

Answer 16

genetics- family, race, gender
environment:
antenatal - infection - CMV, rubella, VZV/ toxins - alcohol, smoking, antiepileptics
postnatal - infection ( meningitis, encephalitis), toxins ( solvents, mercury, lead), trauma (head injury), metabolic ( hypoglycemia, hyper/hyponatraemia), malnutrition (iron, folate, vit D ), maltreatment, under stimulation, neglect , maternal mental health issues

Question 17

why is developmental assessment important clinically ?

Answer 17

can reassure, early diagnosis and intervention, can discuss positive stimulation strategies, improving outcomes - preschool and nursery = crucial time

Question 18

red flags in development

Answer 18

loss of developmental skill
parental/ professional concern regarding vision 
hearing loss 
persistent low muscle tone - floppy 
not walking by 18m or toe walking
asymmetry of movements