Anatomy of Basal Ganglia Flashcards
what is the function of basal ganglia?
facilitates purposeful movements
inhibits unwanted movements
role of in posture and muscle tone
What are the 5 structures involved in basal ganglia?
Caudate nucleus putamen globulus pallidus sub-thalamic nucleus substantia nigra
What structure is degenerated in Parkinsons disease?
substantia nigra
What cells are degenerated in parkinson disease?
Doperminergic neurones
What does a unilateral lesion on a basal ganglia result in?
contralateral dysfunction
What do lesions on basal ganglia DO NOT cause?
paralysis, sensory loss or ataxia
What do lesions on basal ganglia usually cause?
changes in muscle tone
Dyskinesis
What is Huntingtons disease?
progressive degeneration of basal ganglia + cerebellum
What are the 2 afferent projections of cerebellum?
cerebella cortex –> via pons
vestibular cortex –> via vestibular nuclei
What is the 1 efferent projection of cerebellum?
its ONLY output - via pukinje fibres (which are sent to the motor cortex)
Where does the cerebellum sit?
posterior cranial fossa
What are the 3 stalks that attach to the cerebellum?
- middle peduncle
- superior peduncle
- inferior peduncle
What peduncle only COMES INTO THE BRAIN?
Middle peduncle
What is the midline of the cerebellum referred to?
Vermis
A unilateral lesion on the cerebellum results in what?
disturbance to co-ordination of limbs
