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GSI > Wind/Density/Currents/Oceans > Flashcards

Wind/Density/Currents/Oceans Flashcards

1
Q

measures distance from the equator, north to south horizonatal lines

A

latitude

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2
Q

caused by wind, up to 400 cm deep, affects 10 percent of ocean water, moves 1-2m per second

A

Surface currents

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3
Q

measures distance from the prime meridian, vertical lines east to west

A

longitude

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4
Q

0 decrees latitude, recieves the most direct sunlight

A

equator

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5
Q

0 degrees longitude, is in Greenwich, England

A

prime meridian

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6
Q

the perceptible natural movement of the air, especially in the form of a current of air blowing from a particular direction.

A

wind

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7
Q

the pressure within the atmosphere of Earth.

A

air pressure

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8
Q

make a “square circle”, they transfer heat from the equator toward the poles.

A

convection currents

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9
Q

an effect whereby a mass moving in a rotating system experiences a force acting perpendicular to the direction of motion and to the axis of rotation.

A

coriolis effect

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10
Q

cirular patterns of cuurents are called

A

gyre

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11
Q

Deeper than 1000m
Affect 90% of ocean water
Move SLOWLY (1-2 m/day)
caused by density and gravity

A

deep currents

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12
Q

At these deep-water formation areas, this exceptionally dense water sinks to the bottom of the ocean, driving what is known as the “global conveyor belt,” a global pattern of circulation within the oceans.

A

thermohaline circulation

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13
Q

the degree of compactness of a substance.

A

density

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14
Q

Occurs when pulled up to the surface, bringing nutrients from the ocean floor, contain abundant marine life because of the high amount of nutrients!

A

upwelling

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15
Q

the amount of salt

A

salinity

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16
Q

photosynthesizing microscopic organisms that float in sea water), which in turn provide a food source for millions of fish. help produce oxygen

A

phytoplanktin

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17
Q

what is the fuel that drives wind and ocean currents

A

heat from the sun

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18
Q

How is heat different from temperature

A

heat is thermal energy while temperature is kinetic energy

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19
Q

when heat is transferred through a liquid/gas

A

convection

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20
Q

example of convection

A

camp fire

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21
Q

when heat is transferred through a medium without changing the medium

A

conduction

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22
Q

example of conduction

A

impulses along the nerves

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23
Q

when heat/energy travels as a wave and does not need a medium

A

radiation

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24
Q

example of raditaion

A

UV rays

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25
Q

How is heat transferred to the earth

A

Radiation

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26
Q

what other ways is heat transfered around the earth

A

convection and conduction

27
Q

Why do we have day and night

A

The earth roates around the sun, leaving the sun shining on the part that faces the earth

28
Q

why do we have seasons

A

Either the northern or southern hemisphere is tilted towards the sun

29
Q

Why is the equator warmer than the poles

A

it recieves the most direct sunlight

30
Q

what air rises and why

A

warm because it is less dense

31
Q

What process explains the movements within hadley, ferrell, and polar cells

A

atmospheric circulaion

32
Q

What is wind and how is it created

A

Wind is the movement of air. Wind is caused by a difference in pressure from one area to another area on the surface of the Earth.

33
Q

Why does air have different pressures

A

uneven heating of the earth

34
Q

how does air always move as wind

A

wind often moves from areas where it’s colder to areas where it’s warmer

35
Q

what force influences how wind moves accross a surface

A

corolis effect

36
Q

What way does the corolis effect spin in the north/south hempispheres repspectivley

A

north-cw south-ccw

37
Q

how do prevailing winds get their names

A

by the direction they blow from

38
Q

what are the names of the prevailing winds

A

trade winds, westerlies, easterlies

39
Q

what are the names of the convection cells

A

hadley, ferrell, and polar

40
Q

an equatorial region of the Atlantic Ocean with calms, sudden storms, and light unpredictable winds.

A

doldrums

41
Q

why are surface/deep currents important

A

important part of the global ocean nutrient and carbon dioxide cycles.
Warm surface waters run out of nutrients and carbon dioxide.
Nutrients are replaced when the water cools and sinks to the bottom.
The world’s food chains depend on the cool nutrient-rich waters that support the growth of algae and seaweed.

42
Q

what causes deep currents

A

density n gravity

43
Q

what causes surface currents

A

wind

44
Q

What two surface currents directly effect the US and what sides

A

gulf (east) and California (west)

45
Q

what effects do the surface currents have on the us

A

gulf - warm california - cold

46
Q

what is density

A

mass/volume

47
Q

how does temperture effect density of ocean waters

A

cold-more dense

48
Q

how does salinity effect density of ocean waters

A

more salt - more dense

49
Q

what drives thermoaline cirulation

A

salinity and temperature

50
Q

how/where does deep/bottom water form

A

Currents move water towards the N and S pole and it begins to freeze, expelling the salt into the surrounding water (increasing density)
This Very Cold, Very Salty water sinks and begins moving toward the equator

51
Q

Cold deep water is pulled up to the surface, bringing nutrients from the ocean floor, rising seawater, the upward movement of ocean water

A

upwelling

52
Q

what happens in areas or upwelling

A

Areas of upwelling contain abundant marine life because of the high amount of nutrients! People may fish and predators may hunt

53
Q

what do phytoplankton need to survive

A

nutrients

54
Q

why are phytoplankton important

A

provide a food source for millions of fish and produce 50-85% of the worlds oxygen

55
Q

how does upwelling affect phytoplankin

A

provides nutrients for phytoplanktin

56
Q

difference between weather and climate

A

Weather reflects short-term conditions of the atmosphere while climate is the average daily weather for an extended period of time at a certain location

57
Q

large terristial biome, dominated by coniferious trees, short, cool, humid summers, and long, cold winters with precipitation as snow

A

taiga or boreal forest

58
Q

rainfall here is less than 50cm/year. Temperatures ranfe from 0c at night to 45c during the day. air is hot and dry, so it is difficult to retain heat at night

A

desert

59
Q

moderate climate with well defined seasons, dominated by deciduous trees. temps range from -30c to 30c, precipitation spread throughout the year (about 25c), precipitation spread evenly throughout the year as rain in summer and snow in winter

A

temperate forest

60
Q

only two wet and dry seasons, temperture remains relatively stable throughout the year(25c). high amounts of precipitation as rain. long growing seasons, but soils are nutrient poor

A

tropical forest

61
Q

coldest of all biomes. comes from the word treeless plain. it is noted for its extremely loew temperatures (-34-3c), little precipitation, poor nutrients, and short growing seaons

A

tundra

62
Q

dominated by grasses and shrubs precipitation is erratic, so drought/forrest fires can occur, preventing trees. can range from very cold winters (-40) to warm summers (20c)

A

grasslands

63
Q

What does a climatogram tell us

A

the climate of an area

64
Q

what are the driving factors of a locations climate

A

distence from the equator (latitude), coastlines, and altitudes

GSI (13 decks)

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