Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Marketing > Midterm 2 > Flashcards

Midterm 2 Flashcards

1
Q

processes a consumer uses to make a purchase decisions, as well as to use and dispose of purchased goods or services; also includes factors that influence purchase decisions and product use

A

consumer behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

a five-step process used by consumers when buying goods or services

A

consumer decision-making process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

result of an imbalance when buying goods or services

A

need recognition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

recognition of an unfulfilled need and a product that will satisfy it

A

want

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

any unit of input affecting one or more of the five senses: sight, smell, taste, touch, hearing

A

stimulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

the process of recalling past information stored in the memory

A

internal information search

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

the process of seeking information in the outside environment

A

external information search

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

a product information source that is not associated with advertising or promotion

A

nonmarketing-controlled information source

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

a product information source that originates with marketers promoting the product

A

marketing-controlled information source

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

a group of brands resulting from an information search from which a buyer can choose

A

evoked set (consideration set)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

inner tension that a consumer experiences after recognizing an inconsistency between behavior and values or opinions

A

cognitive dissonance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

the amount of time and effort a buyer invests in the search, evaluation, and decision processes of consumer behavior

A

involvement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

the type of decision making exhibited by consumers buying frequently purchased, low-cost goods and services, requires little search and decision time

A

routine response behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

the type of decision making that requires a moderate amount of time for gathering information and deliberating about an unfamiliar brand in a familiar product category

A

limited decision making

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

the most complex type of consumer decision making, used when buying an unfamiliar, expensive product or an infrequently bought item; requires use of several criteria for evaluating options and much time for seeking information

A

extensive decision making

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

the practice of examining merchandise in a physical retail location without purchasing it, and then shopping online for a better deal on the same

A

showrooming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

the set of values, norms, attitudes, and other meaningful symbols that shape human behavior and the artifacts, or products, of that behavior as they are transmitted from one generation to the next

A

culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

the enduring belief that a specific mode of conduct is personally or socially preferable to another mode of conduct

A

value

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

a homogeneous group of people who share elements of the overall culture as well as unique elements of their own group

A

subculture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

a group of people in a society who are considered nearly equal in status or community esteem, who regularly socialize among themselves both formally and informally, and who share behavioral norms

A

social class

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

all of the formal and informal groups in society that influence an individual’s purchasing behavior

A

reference group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

a reference group with which people interact regularly in an informal, face-to-face manner, such as family, friends, and coworkers

A

primary membership group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

a reference group with which people associate less consistently and more formally than a primary membership group, such as a club, professional group, or religious group

A

secondary membership group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

a group that someone would like to join

A

aspirational reference group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

a value or attitude deemed acceptable by a group

A

norm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

a group with which an individual does not want to associate

A

nonaspirational reference group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

an individual who influences the opinions of others

A

opinion leader

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

how cultural values and norms are passed down to children

A

socialization process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

a way of organizing and grouping the consistencies of an individual’s reactions to situations

A

personality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

how consumers perceive themselves in terms of attitudes, perceptions, beliefs, and self-evaluations

A

self-concept

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

the way an individual would like to be perceived

A

ideal self-image

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

the way an individual actually perceives himself or herself

A

real self-image

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

the process by which people select, organize, and interpret stimuli into a meaningful and coherent picture

A

perception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

the process whereby a consumer notices certain stimuli and ignores others

A

selective exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

a process whereby a consumer changes or distorts information that conflicts with his or her feelings or beliefs

A

selective distortion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

a process whereby a consumer remembers only that information that supports his or her personal beliefs

A

selective retention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

a driving force that causes a person to take action to satisfy specific needs

A

motive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

a method of classifying human needs and motivations into five categories in ascending order of importance: physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization

A

maslow’s hierarchy of needs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

a process that creates changes in behavior, immediate or expected, through experience and pratice

A

learning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

a form of learning that occurs when one response is extended to a second stimulus similar to the first

A

stimulus generalization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

a learned ability to differentiate among similar products

A

stimulus discrimination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

an organized pattern of knowledge that an individual holds as true about his or her world

A

belief

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

a learned tendency to respond consistently toward a given object

A

attitude

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

goods, such as portable tools and office equipment, that are less expensive and shorter-lived than major equipment

A

accessory equipment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

the marketing of goods and services to individuals and organizations for purposes other than personal consumption

A

business marketing (industrial marketing)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

expense items that do not become part of a final product

A

business services

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

the use of the Internet to facilitate the exchange of goods, services, and information between organizations

A

business-to-business electronic commerce (B-to-B or B2B e-commerce)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

an electronic trading floor that provides companies with integrated links to their customers and suppliers

A

business-to-business online exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

all those people in an organization who become involved in the purchase decision

A

buying center

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

either finished items ready for assembly or products that need very little processing before becoming part of some other product

A

component parts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

the demand for business products

A

derived demand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

the elimination of intermediaries such as wholesalers or distributers from a marketing channel

A

disintermediation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

the demand for two or more items used together in a final product

A

joint demand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

a network of interlocking corporate affiliates

A

keiretsu

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

capital goods such as large or expensive machines, mainframe computers, blast furnaces, generators, airplanes, and buildings

A

major equipment (installations)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

a situation in which the purchaser wants some change in the original good or service

A

modified rebuy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

phenomenon in which a small increase or decrease in consumer demand can produce a much larger change in demand for the facilities and equipment needed to make the consumer product

A

multiplier effect (accelerator principle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

a situation requiring the purchase of a product for the first time

A

new buy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

a detailed numbering system developed by the United States, Canada, and Mexico to classify North American business establishments by their main production processes

A

North American Industry Classification System (NAICS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

individuals and organizations that buy business goods and incorporate them into the products they produce for eventual sale to other producers or to consumers

A

original equipment manufacturers (OEMs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

products used directly in manufacturing other products

A

processed materials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

unprocessed extractive or agricultural products, such as mineral ore, lumber, wheat, corn, fruits, vegetables, and fish

A

raw materials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

a practice whereby business purchasers choose to buy from their own customers

A

reciprocity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

the reintroduction of an intermediary between producers and users

A

reintermediation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

a firm’s belief that an ongoing relationship with another firm is so important that the relationship warrants maximum efforts at maintaining it indefinitely

A

relationship commitment

66
Q

a measure of a Web site’s effectiveness; calculated by multiplying the frequency of visits by the duration of a visit by the number of pages viewed during each visit (site reach)

A

stickiness

67
Q

a situation in which the purchaser reorders the same goods or services without looking for new information or investigating other suppliers

A

straight rebuy

68
Q

a cooperative agreement between business firms

A

strategic alliance (strategic partnership)

69
Q

consumable items that do not become part of the final product

A

supplies

70
Q

the condition that exists when one party has confidence in an exchange partner’s reliability and integrity

A

trust

71
Q

a principle holding that 20 percent of all customers generate 80 percent of the demand

A

80/20 principle

72
Q

the process of grouping customers into market segments according to the benefits they seek from the product

A

benefit segmentation

73
Q

a situation that occurs when sales of a new product cut into sales of a firm’s existing products

A

cannibalization

74
Q

a strategy used to select one segment of a market for targeting marketing efforts

A

concentrated targeting strategy

75
Q

segmenting markets by age, gender, income, ethnic background, and family life cycle

A

demographic segmentation

76
Q

a series of stages determined by a combination of age, marital status, and the presence or absence of children

A

family life cycle (FLC)

77
Q

segmenting potential customers into neighborhood lifestyle categories

A

geodemographic segmentation

78
Q

segmenting markets by region of a country or the world, market size, market density, or climate

A

geographic segmentation

79
Q

people or organizations with needs or wants and the ability and willingness to buy

A

market

80
Q

a subgroup of people or organizations sharing one or more characteristics that cause them to have similar product needs

A

market segment

81
Q

the process of dividing a market into meaningful, relatively similar, and identifiable segments or groups

A

market segmentation

82
Q

a strategy that chooses two or more well-defined market segments and develops a distinct marketing mix for each

A

multisegment targeting strategy

83
Q

one segment of a market

A

niche

84
Q

business customers who consider numerous suppliers (both familiar and unfamiliar), solicit bids, and study all proposals carefully before selecting one

A

optimizers

85
Q

a means of displaying or graphing, in two or more dimensions, the location of products, brands, or groups of products in customers’ minds

A

perceptual mapping

86
Q

the place a product, brand, or group of products occupies in consumers’ minds relative to competing offerings

A

position

87
Q

developing a specific marketing mix to influence potential customers’ overall perception of a brand, product line, or organization in general

A

positioning

88
Q

a positioning strategy that some firms use to distinguish their products from those of competitors

A

product differentiation

89
Q

segmenting markets on the basis of personality, motives, lifestyles, and geodemographics

A

psychographic segmentation

90
Q

changing consumers’ perceptions of a brand in relation to competing brands

A

repositioning

91
Q

business customers who place an order with the first familiar supplier to satisfy product and delivery requirements

A

satisficers

92
Q

characteristics of individuals, groups, or organizations

A

segmentation bases (variables)

93
Q

a group of people or organizations for which an organization designs, implements, and maintains a marketing mix intended to meet the needs of that group, resulting in mutually satisfying exchanges

A

target market

94
Q

a marketing approach that views the market as one big market with no individual segments and thus uses a single marketing mix

A

undifferentiated targeting strategy

95
Q

dividing a market by the amount of product bought or consumed

A

usage-rate segmentation

96
Q

a scanner-based research program that tracks the purchases of 3,000 households through store scanners in each research market

A

BehaviorScan

97
Q

a specially designed phone room used to conduct telephone interviewing

A

central-location telephone (CLT) facility

98
Q

an interview question that asks the respondent to make a selection from a limited list of responses

A

closed-ended question

99
Q

an intelligence system that helps managers assess their competition and vendors in order to become more efficient and effective competitors

A

competitive intelligence (CI)

100
Q

an interviewing method in which the interviewer reads questions from a computer screen and enters the respondent’s data directly into the computer

A

computer-assisted personal interviewing

101
Q

an interviewing method in which a mall interviewer intercepts and directs willing respondents to nearby computers where each respondent reads questions off a computer screen and directly keys his or her answers into a computer

A

computer-assisted self-interviewing

102
Q

media that consumers generate and share among themselves

A

consumer-generated media (CGM)

103
Q

a method of analyzing data that lets the analyst look at the responses to one question in relation to the responses to one or more other questions

A

cross-tabulation

104
Q

the creation of a large computerized file of customers’ and potential customers’ profiles and purchase patterns

A

database marketing

105
Q

an interactive, flexible, computerized information system that enables managers to obtain and manipulate information as they are making decisions

A

decision support system (DSS)

106
Q

the study of human behavior in its natural context; involves observation of behavior and physical setting

A

ethnographic research

107
Q

a type of survey that involves interviewing businesspeople at their offices concerning industrial products or services

A

executive interview

108
Q

a method of gathering primary data in which the researcher alters one or more variables while observing the effects of those alterations on another variable

A

experiment

109
Q

a firm that specializes in interviewing respondents on a subcontracted basis

A

field service firm

110
Q

seven to ten people who participate in a group discussion led by a moderator

A

focus group

111
Q

a scanner-based sales-tracking service for the consumer packaged-goods industry

A

InfoScan

112
Q

a survey research method that involves interviewing people in the common areas of shopping malls

A

mall intercept interview

113
Q

a broad-based problem that uses marketing research in order for managers to take proper actions

A

management decision problem

114
Q

everyday information about developments in the marketing environment that managers use to prepare and adjust marketing plans

A

marketing information

115
Q

the process of planning, collecting, and analyzing data relevant to a marketing decision

A

marketing research

116
Q

a company that acquires, catalogs, reformats, segments, and resells reports already published by marketing research firms

A

marketing research aggregator

117
Q

the specific information needed to solve a marketing research problem; the objective should be to provide insightful decision-making information

A

marketing research objective

118
Q

determining what information is needed and how that information can be obtained efficiently and effectively

A

marketing research problem

119
Q

researchers posing as customers who gather observational data about a store

A

mystery shoppers

120
Q

a research method that relies on four types of observation: people watching people, people watching an activity, machines watching people, and machines watching an activity

A

observation research

121
Q

an interview question that encourages an answer phrased in the respondent’s own words

A

open-ended question`

122
Q

information that is collected for the first time; used for solving the particular problem under investigation

A

primary data

123
Q

specifies which research questions must be answered, how and when the data will be gathered, and how the data will be analyzed

A

research design

124
Q

a closed-ended question designed to measure the intensity of a respondent’s answer

A

scaled-response question

125
Q

a system for gathering information from a single group of respondents by continuously monitoring the advertising, promotion, and pricing they are exposed to and the things they buy

A

scanner-based research

126
Q

data previously collected for any purpose other than the one at hand

A

secondary data

127
Q

the most popular technique for gathering primary data, in which a researcher interacts with people to obtain facts, opinions, and attitudes

A

survey research

128
Q

a name, term, symbol, design, or combination thereof that identifies a seller’s products and differentiates them from competitors’ products

A

brand

129
Q

the value of company and brand names

A

brand equity

130
Q

consistent preference for one brand over all others

A

brand loyalty

131
Q

the elements of a brand that cannot be spoken

A

brand mark

132
Q

that part of a brand that can be spoken, including letters, words, and numbers

A

brand name

133
Q

a product used to manufacture other goods or services, to facilitate an organization’s operations, or to resell to other customers

A

business product (industrial product)

134
Q

a brand manufactured by a third party for an exclusive retailer, without evidence of that retailer’s affiliation

A

captive brand

135
Q

placing two or more brand names on a product or its package

A

co-branding

136
Q

a product bought to satisfy an individual’s personal wants

A

consumer product

137
Q

a relatively inexpensive item that merits little shopping effort

A

convenience product

138
Q

a written guarantee

A

express warranty

139
Q

marketing several different products under the same brand name

A

family branding

140
Q

a brand that obtains at least a third of its earnings from outside its home country, is recognizable outside its home base of customers, and has publicly available marketing and financial data

A

global brand

141
Q

an unwritten guarantee that the good or service is fit for the purpose for which it was sold

A

implied warranty

142
Q

using different brand names for different products

A

individual branding

143
Q

a type of package labeling designed to help consumers make proper product selections and lower their cognitive dissonance after the purchase

A

informational labeling

144
Q

the brand name of a manufacturer

A

manufacturer’s brand

145
Q

a type of package labeling that focuses on a promotional theme or logo, and consumer information is secondary

A

persuasive labeling

146
Q

the practice of modifying products so those that have already been sold become obsolete before they actually need replacement

A

planned obsolescence

147
Q

a brand name owned by a wholesaler or a retailer

A

private brand

148
Q

everything, both favorable and unfavorable, that a person receives in an exchange

A

product

149
Q

a specific version of a product that can be designated as a distinct offering among an organization’s products

A

product item

150
Q

a group of closely related product items

A

product line

151
Q

the number of product items in a product line

A

product line depth

152
Q

adding additional products to an existing product line in order to compete more broadly in the industry

A

product line extension

153
Q

all products that an organization sells

A

product mix

154
Q

the number of product lines an organization offers

A

product mix width

155
Q

changing one or more of a product’s characteristics

A

product modification

156
Q

a trademark for a service

A

service mark

157
Q

a product that requires comparison shopping because it is usually more expensive than a convenience product and is found in fewer stores

A

shopping product

158
Q

a particular item for which consumers search extensively and are very reluctant to accept substitutes

A

specialty product

159
Q

the exclusive right to use a brand or part of a brand

A

trademark

160
Q

a series of thick and thin vertical lines (bar codes), readable by computerized optical scanners, that represent numbers used to track products

A

universal product codes (UPCs)

161
Q

a product unknown to the potential buyer or a known product that the buyer does not actively seek

A

unsought product

162
Q

a confirmation of the quality or performance of a good or service

A

warranty

Marketing (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions