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Biology > Chromosomes, Genes And DNA > Flashcards

Chromosomes, Genes And DNA Flashcards

1
Q

Chromosome

A

Are long strands of genetic information located in the nuclei of cells

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2
Q

Human characteristics and chromosomes

A

In all living things, characteristics are passed on the chromosomes that offspring inherit from their parents
All human characteristic therefore have something to do with chromosomes

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3
Q

Cell division

A

When chromosomes replicate

They are most visible during cell division

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4
Q

Homologous series

A

Matching chromosome pairs. One of each pair is from your mother and the other from your father

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5
Q

Chromosomes in cells

A

Most human body cells contain 46 chromosomes (26 pairs of homologous chromosomes)

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6
Q

Genes(units)

A

Genes are the units of heritance

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7
Q

Chromosomes and genes

A

Chromosomes and their genes are made of a molecule called DNA.
Each chromosome is a very long molecule of tightly coiled DNA

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8
Q

DNA

A

DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid

DNA molecules carry the code that controls what cells are made of and what they do

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9
Q

DNA molecule structure

A

Double helix

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10
Q

DNA structure

A

It is composed of 2 backbones made of sugar(deoxyribose) and phosphates that spiral each other. The 2 back bones are held together by the base pairs

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11
Q

The base pairing rule

A

“A” always pairs with “T”

“C always pairs with “G”

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12
Q

Name of base pairs

A

> adenine
guanine
cytosine
thymine

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13
Q

Genetic code

A

There are million of base pairs in each DNA molecule and in the order of the bases form the genetic code

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14
Q

Protein

A

Made of long chains of amino acids

There are 20 different types of Amino acids which make up proteins

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15
Q

Proteins and the body

A

Proteins control every process in the body (enzymes) give colour to hair, eyes and skin and also form structures like tendons and muscle and hair

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16
Q

Genetic code

A

The code uses groups of three bases to code for a single amino acid- known as triplets

17
Q

When did Ervin Chargaff discover his discovery?

A

1950

18
Q

What method did Erwin Chargaff use?

A

Chromatography

19
Q

Erwin Chargaff

A

He determined that the amount of A=T and and the amount of G=C (base painting rule)

20
Q

When did Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin discover their discovery?

A

1952

21
Q

What technique did Wilkins and Franklin use?

A

X-ray crystallography

22
Q

What did Wilkins and Franklin discover?

A

Worked out the DNA was a double helix shape

23
Q

When did james Watson and Francis Crick discover their discovery?

A

1953

24
Q

What did Watson and Crick discover?

A

How all parts of the molecule were held together

25
Q

How did Watson and Crick discover their discovery?

A

Using model making
The sugar, phosphates and bases were cut out of sheet metal and clamped together with retort stands, boss head and clamps

Biology (17 decks)

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