DNA (2/19)

Question 1

What is translation?

Answer 1

the process of translating the sequence of an mRNA molecule to a sequence of amino acids during a protein synthesis

Question 2

Where does translation occur?

Answer 2

Outside the nucleus on the RIBOSOME

Question 3

Ribosomes

Answer 3

coordinate the interaction between mRNA to make the amino acid chains (proteins)

Question 4

What determines the function of a protein?

Answer 4

the sequence of amino acids determines how the chain folds, how the chain folds determines the structure, the structure determines the function

Question 5

What is Transfer RNA?

Answer 5

tRNA is the small nucleic acid that has two types of regions (double stranded and single stranded)

• activated tRNA molecule have the appropriate amino acid attached

Question 6

What is an Anti-Codon?

Answer 6

a sequence of three nucleotides forming a unit of genetic code in a tRNA molecule, corresponding to a complementary codon in messenger RNA

• matches to codon have to have the correct Amino Acid attached

Question 7

What does tRNA do (what is its “payload”)?

Answer 7

tRNA is the amino acid holding “key” that fits in to the encoded mRNA “lock” held by the ribosome

the “payload” of a transfer RNA (tRNA) is a specific amino acid

Question 8

What is shared by ALL living organisms?

Answer 8

1. ) Basic DNA structure, including base pairing
2. ) the genetic code (any particular codon codes for the same amino acid in ALL organisms)
3. ) Immortal Genes (vital to universal processes as decoding DNA and RNA and protein synthesis)

Question 9

What are “Immortal Genes”?

Answer 9

short portions of the sequence of a protein found in all domains of life

Question 10

Why read the DNA sequence in a 5’ to 3’ direction?

Answer 10

it tells us the sequence of that protein