Cardiology

Question 1

Normal EKG intervals:

1) PR
2) QRS
3) QTc

Answer 1

1) 0.12 - 0.20 sec
2) 0.06 - 0.10 sec
3) <0.45 sec (male), <0.46 sec (female)

Question 2

Bazett formula for correcting QT for HR

Answer 2

QTc = QT / square root of RR

Question 3

How long in seconds?

1) One little square (1mm)
2) One large square (5mm)
3) Five large squares

Answer 3

1) 0.04 sec
2) 0.2 sec
3) 1 sec

Question 4

How to determine heart rate from the EKG?

Answer 4

300 -> 150 -> 100 -> 75 -> 60 -> 50

Question 5

First degree AV block

Answer 5

PR interval > 0.20 sec

Question 6

Right bundle branch block

Answer 6

1) QRS >0.12 sec
2) RSR’ in V1 and V2
3) Reciprocal deep S waves in left lateral leads (I, aVL, V5 and V6)

Question 7

Left bundle branch block

Answer 7

1) QRS >0.12 sec

2) Broad R waves in I, aVL, V5 - V6

Question 8

Anterior leads

Answer 8

V2, V3, V4

Question 9

Left lateral leads

Answer 9

I, aVL, V5, V6

Question 10

Inferior leads

Answer 10

II, III, aVF

Question 11

Right ventricular leads

Answer 11

aVR, V1

Question 12

“Typical” severe AS.

1) AVA
2) Peak velocity
3) Mean pressure gradient

Answer 12

1) <1.0 cm2
2) >4 m/s
3) >40 mmHg

Question 13

Eponym for angiodysplasia associated with AS?

Answer 13

Heyde syndrome

Question 14

1) Earliest EKG changes in hyperkalemia:

2) Later changes:

Answer 14

1) Peaked T waves, shortening of QT interval

2) Lengthening of PR interval, loss of P waves, widening of QRS w/ sine wave pattern -> asystole