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2 and FINAL Microbiology Oral/Med > Lab diagnosis RED WORDS > Flashcards

Lab diagnosis RED WORDS Flashcards

1
Q

pure cultures cultivated by?

A

cultivated and maintained via aseptic technique

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2
Q

Describe aseptic technique

A
  • sterilize loop via flame
  • flaming tube tip to sterilize it (after uncapping it)
  • only sterilized portion of loop touches tube
  • tube tip reflamed
  • tube recapped and loop resterilizes
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3
Q

defined medium

A

chemically defined

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4
Q

complex medium

A

chemically UNdefined

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5
Q

colonies are isolated how?

A

Koch developed streak plate method to get visible, isolated masses

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6
Q

What type of media is Eosin Methylene Blue Agar (EMB)

A

both selective and differential media

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7
Q

What type of media is McConkey’s agar?

*+ or - results mean?

A

both selective and differential media

  • often used to determine if a gastrointestinal microorganism that causes diarrhea is a pathogen
  • *lactose negative= pathogen
  • *lactose positive= non-pathogen
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8
Q

Blood Agar?

Help ID?

A
  • contains whole blood cells

* useful complex media for isolation and identification of pathogenic Streptococcus pyogenes that causes strep throat

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9
Q

Chocolate Agar

Helps ID what bacteria?

A
  • contains hemolyzed blood

* used for isolation of Neisseria meningitidis

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10
Q

What type of media is Mannitol Salt Agar?

*types of staph found

A
  • selective differential media
  • often used to ID suspected Staph food poisoning BC only staph bacteria grows well in the high salt of this media
  • -Staphylococcus aureus changes agar to YELLOW and is found in food
  • -Staphylococcus epidermis not in food
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11
Q

Broths

A

have all the necessary nutrients in a liquid form

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12
Q

Agar media

A

have all the necessary nutrient in a gelled liquid

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13
Q

What makes up Nutrient broth or Nutrient agar?

A

a non-defined (complex) media

**contains: water, dried beef-extract, peptone (soy beans), with or without agar

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14
Q

Growth factors

A

specific substances such as Vitamins or Amino acids that are required by certain bacteria

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15
Q

What are auxotrophs?

A

bacteria that require one or more growth factors

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16
Q

Stains or staining

A

treatment of organisms with dyes to make them visible under microscopes

  • reveals shape, size, internal and external structures
  • may produce specific reactions to discriminate microbes
17
Q

Simple stain

A

is when a single reagent like methylene blue is used to see gross cellular morphology
•Simple and/or differential cell staining are used to increase contrast in brightfield microscopy.

18
Q

Differential stain

A

is when 2 or more stains are used
•Allows classification of bacteria based upon differences in stain uptake
•Simple and/or differential cell staining are used to increase contrast in brightfield microscopy.

19
Q

Steptococcus mutans is Gram positive or Gram negative?

A

Gram positive (purple)

20
Q

Porphyromonas gingivalis is Gram positive or Gram negative?

A

Gram negative (red)

21
Q

confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM)

A

is a form of light/fluorescent microscopy that allows for greater threedimensional imaging than other forms of light microscopy
–planes are visualized by adjusting the plane of focus of laser beam

22
Q

electron microscope

A

electrons are used instead of light rays

•Electron microscopes have far greater resolving power than light microscopes, with limits of resolution of about 0.2 nm

23
Q

transmission electron microscope

A

with thin sectioning the internal structures can be viewed

24
Q

scanning electron microscope

A

view the surfaces of microbes by coating with gold

25
Q

Seroconversion

A

occurs when antibody is produced in response to a primary infection

26
Q

Selective Media

A

a bacterial growth media that allows only certain species or strains of bacteria to grow
-EMB agar only allows gram- bacteria to grow

27
Q

Differential Media

A

bacterial media in which certain bacteria that grow on these media take on unique colony characteristics
-EMB agar E. coli colonies have a green sheen

28
Q

light microscope

A

ordinary visible light is beamed through a stained microbe

29
Q

phase contrast

A

dark image on lighted background- visualize live samples and avoid distortion from cell stains; image contrast is derived from the differential refractive index of cell structures versus background

30
Q

dark field

A

lighted image on dark background- Greater resolution can be obtained using dark-field microscopy, in which only the specimen itself is illuminated

31
Q

most widely used differential stain?

A

gram stain

*positive (purple) or negative (red)

32
Q

Acid fast stain differential stain is used to distinguish?

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

-difficult to stain bc mycolic acids present in cell wall

33
Q

Acid fast bacteria staining procedure? Color they turn?

A 
retain the primary stain upon treatment with acid alcohol
•1.Carbolfucsin (red) - primary stain
•2.acid alcohol - decolorizer
•3.methylene blue - counterstain
---•Acid Fast = Red
---•Non-Acid Fast = Blue
34
Q

Carbolfucsin (red) in acid fast stain

A

primary stain

35
Q

acid alcohol in acid fast stain

A

decolorizer

36
Q

methylene blue in acid fast stain

A

counterstain
•Acid Fast = Red
•Non-Acid Fast = Blue

37
Q

fluorescence microscope

A

1) all or parts of a microbe are tagged with a fluorescent molecule
2) the molecule is hit with a wavelength of light that will excite the fluorescent molecule
3) the excited molecule will then fluoresce and can be viewed against a dark background
– oftentimes the fluorescent molecule is attached to an antibody that will recognized a specific type of molecule on the microbe

38
Q

direct vs indirect fluorescence microscope

A
  • direct assay= antiviral antibody modified with a fluorescent/enzyme probe
  • indriect assay= using antiviral antibody and chemically modified anti-immunoglobulin

2 and FINAL Microbiology Oral/Med (14 decks)

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