Clinical Anatomy of the Upper Limb

Question 1

What type of joint is the glenohumeral joint?

Answer 1

Ball and socket synovial

Question 2

What type of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?

Answer 2

Plane synovial

Question 3

What are the static stabilisers of the joints of the shoulder girdle?

Answer 3

Joint capsule and labrum

Question 4

What are the dynamic stabilisers of the joints of the shoulder girdle?

Answer 4

Rotator cuff, deltoid and other surrounding muscles

Question 5

Displacement of the shoulder joint is more likely if what structure is ruptured?

Answer 5

Coracoclavicular ligaments

Question 6

The coracoclavicular ligaments are most likely to be ruptured when?

Answer 6

AC joint dislocation or clavicle fracture

Question 7

Due to altered biomechanics, chronic rotator cuff insufficiency can lead to what?

Answer 7

Glenohumeral joint OA

Question 8

The shoulder can be subject to primary OA of which joints?

Answer 8

Glenohumeral and AC

Question 9

Where does the musculocutaneous nerve supply?

Answer 9

Anterior compartment of arm, and sensation to the lateral forearm

Question 10

The radial nerve is susceptible to damage in what injury?

Answer 10

Humeral mid-shaft fractures

Question 11

Damage to what nerve causes wrist drop?

Answer 11

Radial nerve (extensor muscles!!)

Question 12

The aconeus muscle is said to be in what compartment of the arm?

Answer 12

Posterior

Question 13

How many joints is the elbow made up of? What are they known as?

Answer 13

2: humero-ulnar and radio-capitellar

Question 14

What is the articulation in the humero-ulnar joint?

Answer 14

Trochlea of humerus and olecranon process of ulna

Question 15

What is the articulation in the radio-capitellar joint?

Answer 15

Capitulum of humerus and head of radius

Question 16

What movements does the radio-capitellar joint allow? Along with what other joints?

Answer 16

Pronation and supination along with the proximal and distal radioulnar joints

Question 17

The extensor origin of the elbow comes from where? This is the site of what condition?

Answer 17

Lateral epicondyle- Tennis elbow

Question 18

The flexor origin of the elbow comes from where? This is the site of what condition?

Answer 18

Medial epicondyle- Golfer’s elbow

Question 19

A supracondylar fracture is very common in young children. This injury predisposes to damage to what structures?

Answer 19

Brachial artery occlusion and median nerve damage

Question 20

The pisiform bone is within what?

Answer 20

A tendon

Question 21

What nerve is affected in carpal tunnel?

Answer 21

Median nerve

Question 22

What is Dupuytren’s contracture?

Answer 22

Thickening of the palmar fascia

Question 23

Infection in the flexor tendon sheaths is what?

Answer 23

An emergency

Question 24

In what condition will you hear a click as you snap the finger straight?

Answer 24

Trigger finger