Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MSK- Spine and Upper Limb > Tendon Problems > Flashcards

Tendon Problems Flashcards

1
Q

What defines tendinopathy?

A

Disease of a tendon, tendon related pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What defines tendonitis?

A

Inflammation of a tendon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What defines tendinosis?

A

Chronic tendon injury with damage to a tendon extracellular matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What defines tenosynovitis?

A

Inflammation of a tendon sheath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What defines enthesopathy?

A

Inflammation of the tendon origin or insertion into bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the predominant cell in a tendon? What is their function?

A

Fibroblast: production and maintenance of collagen and and other proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the function of collagen within a tendon?

A

Confers flexibility and strength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

90% of a tendon is made up of what type of collagen?

A

Type 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the heirarchial structure of a tendon?

A

Fibrils divide into sub fibrils which divide into microfibrils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 3 blood supplies to tendons?

A

Perimysium, periosteal insertion, paratenon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a paratenon?

A

The tissue occupying the space between a tendon and its sheath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which sex is more likely to be affected by tendon problems?

A

Males

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are some drugs which may predispose to tendon problems?

A

Steroids, fluoroquinolones (e.g. ciprofloxacin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What causes tendinosis?

A

Histological degeneration of collagen and extracellular matrix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Degeneration of collagen which causes tendinosis occurs as a result of what?

A

Matrix metalloproteinases which increase with age and repetitive strain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where is tendinosis most likely to occur?

A

Areas of poor blood supply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Is tendinosis always painful?

A

No, it can be present and not painful

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are some general conservative managements for for tendinosis?

A

Rest, physio, eccentric strengthening, analgesia, anti-inflammatories, injections of local anaesthetic and cortisone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

LA and cortisone injections are especially useful for what conditions?

A

Rotator cuff, tennis elbow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are some different surgical managements which can be used for tendinopathies?

A

Debridement, decompression, synovectomy, tendon transfer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the purpose of a synovectomy?

A

Helps to prevent rupture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

A tendon is often taken from where to be used for tendon transfers? Why?

A

An extensor tendon of the index fingers since there are two

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Why are steroid injections controversial for tendinosis?

A

Steroids are toxic to tenocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Rotator cuff problems cause a dull, achy pain down the arm. This is referred pain from where?

A

Axillary nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What difficulties can patients with rotator cuff problems have?

A

Difficulty sleeping on the affected side, reaching overhead and lifting

26
Q

Most cases of rotator cuff problems will settle without surgery in how long?

A

1-2 years

27
Q

What is the gold standard test for imaging of the rotator cuff? What else can be used?

A

Gold standard is US, MRI can be used to provide more detailed images

28
Q

Which end of the biceps muscle is affected in biceps tendinopathy? Which head is more likely to be affected?

A

Can be either end, more likely to be the long head

29
Q

Where does most inflammation occur in biceps tendinopathy?

A

As the long head passes through the bicipital groove anterior to the proximal humerus

30
Q

Inflammation in biceps tendinopathy is usually a result of what?

A

Friction

31
Q

What can cause biceps tendinopathy?

A

Overuse, instability, impingement or trauma

32
Q

Where will there typically be pain in biceps tendinopathy? What will make it worse?

A

Anterior to the shoulder- made worse by flexion of the shoulder and pronation of the forearm

33
Q

What may patients with biceps tendinopathy describe on shoulder movement?

A

Clicking or snapping sensations

34
Q

What does snapping in biceps tendinopathy imply?

A

The distal end of the biceps is affected

35
Q

What may be visible on examination of biceps tendinopathy?

A

Popeye sign and extensive bruising

36
Q

What causes a Popeye deformity in biceps tendinopathy?

A

The tendon spontaneously ruptures which results in relief of symptoms and a bunched up biceps

37
Q

What is the mainstay of treatment for biceps tendinopathy?

A

Rest and physiotherapy

38
Q

What surgery may relieve symptoms of biceps tendinopathy? What is the risk?

A

Surgical division of the tendon: risk of neuromuscular complications, especially when involving the distal end

39
Q

What is the chance of lateral epicondylitis being bilateral?

A

10-20%

40
Q

What is lateral epicondylitis characterised by?

A

Pain and tenderness over the lateral epicondyle at the attachment of the forearm extensors

41
Q

When will pain from lateral epicondylitis be worse?

A

Resisted extension of the middle finger and wrist

42
Q

What does pathology of lateral epicondylitis show?

A

Micro-tears in the common extensor origin, most likely the origin of ECRB

43
Q

Which out of lateral and medial epicondylitis is inflammatory?

A

Medial

44
Q

How is epicondylitis (medial or lateral) diagnosed?

A

Mainly clinical diagnosis, US and MRI can be used

45
Q

Why do lateral and medial epicondylitis occur?

A

Repetitive strain injury or degenerative enthesopathy

46
Q

Who is more likely to get lateral epicondylitis?

A

Tennis players, and those who regularly perform resisted extension at the wrist

47
Q

What is the management of lateral epicondylitis?

A

Self-limiting: rest (avoid the activity which makes it worse), physiological, steroid injections, NSAIDs, brace

48
Q

What is the surgical treatment for lateral epicondylitis? How successful is it?

A

Division and or excision of some fibres of the common extensor origin. Has variable results.

49
Q

Which is more common, medial or lateral epicondylitis?

A

Lateral

50
Q

What is medial epicondylitis?

A

Inflammation of the origin of the flexor forearm muscles

51
Q

Where will there be pain in medial epicondylitis?

A

Medial elbow, especially over the flexor origins

52
Q

How is medial epicondylitis treated?

A

Self-limiting: physiology, rest, NSAIDs

53
Q

Why should steroid injections not be used in medial epicondylitis?

A

Too near the ulnar nerve

54
Q

Some cases of medial epicondylitis may have what associated neurological problems?

A

Ulnar neuropathy and muscle weakness

55
Q

If there are any neurological symptoms in medial or lateral epicondylitis, what test should be done?

A

Nerve conduction studies

56
Q

What condition causes extensor tendon rupture?

A

RA

57
Q

What is an extensor tendon rupture?

A

An autoimmune attack on the synovium which results in tendon degeneration and rupture

58
Q

What clinical signs will occur in an extensor tendon rupture?

A

Weakness in wrist extension or a dropped finger

59
Q

In RA extensor tendon rupture, the tendon cannot be repaired. What treatment is used?

A

Tendon transfer

60
Q

If an RA extensor tendon rupture is caught early, what can prevent it?

A

Synovectomy

61
Q

What conditions can cause an extensor pollicis longus rupture?

A

RA or a Colles fracture

62
Q

What occurs with an extensor pollicis longus rupture? What is the treatment?

A

Substantial loss of function, needs a tendon transfer

MSK- Spine and Upper Limb (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions