Lecture 13: Infertility and Assisted Reproductive Technology Flashcards
What is the definition of “infertility?”
inability to achieve pregnancy after 12 months of unprotected intercourse
Infertility affects how many people?
12%
What are the 4 major categories of Infertility and what is their percentage affected?
Female Factors: 40-50%
Male Factors: 30-40%
Combined female/male factors: 30%
Idiopathic: 20%
FSH measured on Day\_\_\_\_\_ of menstrual cycle. A) 2 B) 3 C) 5 D) 4
B) 3
If FSH is less than ______ mlU/mL, it indicates_____ prognosis
10; poor
What is “Hysterosalpingogram?” (HSG)
An x-ray with contrast dye to determine whether tubes are open or blocked
How can you tell if a tube is blocked?
If they dye does not highlight the area
How can you tell if sperm is good using a Sperm Analysis?
Volume: greater than 2.0mL Liquefaction: less than 60 mins Viscosity: Moderate to Low Concentration: greater than 20 x 10^6 mL Motility: greater than 50% WHO Morphology: greater than 15%
How is infertility treated?
Conventional medical therapies such as:
- Dietary modifications
- Exercise
- Medication
- Surgery
Define “Polyp?”
Non-cancerous growth attached to endometrium extending into uterine cavity
Define “Septum?”
Wedge-like partition within uterine cavity
What are the 4 steps with Intrauterine Insemination (IUI)?
- Controlled Ovarian Stimulation
- Transvaginal Ultrasound
- Trigger Ovulation at appropriate time
- Intrauterine Insemination
What is happening during step 01 in IUI (Controlled Ovarian Stimulation)?
- Increase FSH and LH secretion during early to mid follicular stage
- Stimulate follicle growth
- Permit more than one follicle to mature
What 3 hormones play a factor in Step 01 of IUI?
- Clomiphene Citrate (Clomid)
- Letrozole (Femara)
- Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
What is the goal of Clomiphene Citrate?
- Blocks negative FB by Estradiol and stimulates FSH and LH secretion
- May change the quality of cervical mucus and reduce endometrial proliferation
what is SERM?
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator
What is the goal of Letrozole?
Aromatase inhibitor
- Prevents ovarian peripheral conversion of andeogens to estrogens
- Lower estradiol permits more FSH and LH secretion
What is the goal of FSH?
- Directly stimulates follicle development
- Low doses stimulate growth of 2-3 follicles