Lecture 16 & 17: Stem Cells and Cloning Flashcards
What are the 3 characteristics of a stem cell?
1) Self-renewing
2) Unspecialized
3) Can give rise to specialized cells
How is a stem cell “self-renewing?”
Capable of dividing and renewing themselves for long periods
How is a stem cell “Unspecialized?
Do not have any tissue-specific structures that allow them to perform specialized functions
How is a stem cell give rise to specialized cells?
Differentiation causes cell’s DNA to acquire changes that restrict DNA expression in cell and can be passed on through cell division
Totipotent Stem Cells
can develop into ___ cell in body; including ____ membranes
Any;
Embryonic
What is a Blastomere?
A single cell from a 2-8 day cell or a 1-3 day embryo
Totipotent Stem Cells
are sufficient to form _____ organism capable of ____, including ____-_____ membranes
Enitre;
Reproduction;
Extra-Embryonic
Pluripotent Stem Cells
Can develop into ____ from all 3 germ layers and germ cells
derivatives
What are the 3 germ layers?
what are the 2 germ cells?
Ectoderm, Mesoderm, Endoderm
Eggs and Sperm
Multipotent/ Precursor/ Progenitor Stem Cells
Can become specialized cell but generally only in ___ or ____ in which it resides
Tissue
Organ
How do you make embryonic (pluripotent) stem cells?
1) Create Embryo
2) Remove inner cell mass from blastocyst (Day 5)
3) Culture cells
Traditional methods of making embryonic stem cells involves:
creating stem cells from inner cell mass of embryos
Removing ICM destroys the embryo,
T/F
True
When culturing Embryonic Stem Cells, they are coated with____ ____
Feeder Cells
What are the 4 tests to identify embryonic stem cells?
1) grow and sub-culture cells for many months
2) Look for surface markers or proteins found only in undifferentiated cells
3) Examine chromosomes under microscope
4) Determine if cells can be grown and sub-cultured after freezing, thawing and re-plating