wk 4 1 bleeding in the gi tract anatomy

Question 1

3 functions of coloin

Answer 1

defence - commensal bacteria
absorption - h20, electrolytes
excretion - stool

Question 2

which parts of the colon are intraperitoenal/retroperitoneal

Answer 2

intra -caecum
ascending - retro 
transverse - intra 
descending - retro 
sigmoidal - intra`

Question 3

paracolic gutters

Answer 3

part of greater sac of peritoneal cavity (similar to subphrenic/hepatorenal recess)

Question 4

teniae coli

Answer 4

3 longlitudinal smooth muscls

caecum - distal sigmoid, join at appendix

Question 5

which flexure - splenic or hepatic lies more superiorly

Answer 5

splenic

Question 6

mcburneys points corresponds with the appendiceal orrifice, the sorest area in appendicitis, where does it lie

Answer 6

1/3 between right anterior superior iliac spine and umbilicus

Question 7

sigmoid colon is at risk of twisting round itself, name given and what does it cause

Answer 7

sigmoid volvulus
bowel obstruction
left untreated - risk of infarction

Question 8

where does the abdominal aorta lie in relation to the vertebral bodies and IVC

Answer 8

vertebral - anterior

IVC - left

Question 9

what are the 3 midline branches of abdominal aorta, where does each exit thE AORTA

Answer 9

celiac trunk - T12 (foregut)
superior mesenteric - L1 (hindgut)
inferior mesenteric - L3 (hindgut)

Question 10

lateral branches of abdominal aorta

Answer 10

kidneys/adrenal glands - L1
Gonads - L2
Body wall (posterolateral)

Question 11

the aorta bifurcates to common iliacs at

Answer 11

L4

Question 12

jejunal and ileal arteries are similar since they both contain a vasa rectaa and arcades, how do they differ

Answer 12

jejunum - longer vasa rectae (loops)

-larger + fewer arcades (anastamoses)

Question 13

3 branches of inferior mesenteric artery (l3)

Answer 13

left colic artery
sigmoid arteries
superior rectal artery

Question 14

marginal arteyr of drummond

Answer 14

arterial anastomoses between IMA and SMA.

allows alternative route if ischaemic

Question 15

superior rectal artery, a branch of IMA suppplies the proximal half of the anal canal, what supplies the rest

Answer 15

internal iliac artery

Question 16

splenic vein drains

Answer 16

foregut structures ot hepatic portal

Question 17

which vein drains blood from midgut/ hinfgut structures

Answer 17

midgut - superior mesenteric vein

hindgut - inferior mesenteric vein

Question 18

there are 3 areas of anastamosis in the portal-system, which have no valves and blood can flow in both directions, where are these

Answer 18

distal end of oesophagus
skin around umbilicus
anal canal

Question 19

the distal end of oesophagus is an anastomoses site, where does the inferior/superior part drain into

Answer 19

inferior - hepatic

superior - azygous

Question 20

caval system

Answer 20

systemic blood flow (vena cava)

Question 21

t/f epigastric veins drain into caval system

Answer 21

true

Question 22

t/f para-umbilical veins drain to caval system

Answer 22

false

to hepatic portal along round ligament of liver

Question 23

which part of the 3 anastomoses drains into the internal iliac veins

Answer 23

inferior ppart of gi tract

Question 24

causes of portal hypertension, what does it lead to

Answer 24

liver pathology (cirrhosis) 
tumour

reversal of blood flow

Question 25

what can cause haematemesis 2

Answer 25

bleeding from oesophageal varices

peptic ulcer in wall of stomach/duodenum