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human body > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy =

A

structure

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2
Q

Physiology =

A

function

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3
Q

molecules

A

atoms formed together

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4
Q

Organelle

A

Molecules formed together

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5
Q

Cell

A

Organelles formed together

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6
Q

Tissue

A

Same type of cell formed together

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7
Q

Organ

A

Made up of tissue

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8
Q

System

A

Made up of organs working together

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9
Q

homeostasis

A

Maintenance of relatively stable internal conditions despite exterior environment.

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10
Q

Negative feedback system

A

reverses response; if body temp drops to 36 degrees, body shivers then REVERSES back to 37 degrees.

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11
Q

Positive feedback system

A

enhances the original stimulus; blood vessel cut on the thumb, cells come to the area to form a plug to stop bleeding.

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12
Q

pharmacology

A

study of medicine, how we use it and the effect on the body.

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13
Q

drug

A

medicine that has physiology impact on tissue cells

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14
Q

therapeutic effect

A

desirable and beneficial outcome, consequence of medicine

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15
Q

drug allergy

A

stimulates immune system

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16
Q

drug interaction

A

take more than one drug that may interfere with another and worsen the condition

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17
Q

drug abuse

A

continually consuming drugs

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18
Q

drug dependence

A

constantly needing drug to function

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19
Q

dose of drug

A

achieves desired effect without harm

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20
Q

bioavailability

A

drug goes into blood and becomes available to all tissue cells

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21
Q

tolerance

A

decreases response of dose of drug

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22
Q

antagonist

A

drug that blocks receptor to activate

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23
Q

Agonist

A

drug that initiates receptor to activate

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24
Q

how drugs work

A

drug molecule must inflict on the cell to produce a pharmacological response, either mimic or block.

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25
Q

mimic

A

mimic chemicals that are already in body eg, contraceptive pill

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26
Q

block

A

block drug chemical reaction

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27
Q

sublingual

A

under tongue, rapid absorption to bloodstream

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28
Q

rectal

A

when drug tastes horrible

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29
Q

intramuscular injection

A

can administer large amount of drug, fast absorption

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30
Q

IV drip

A

directly into blood

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31
Q

oral

A

swallow tablet/liquid

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32
Q

inhalation

A

if someone has asthma, like taking a puffer

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33
Q

therapeutic effect

A

desired effect of a medical treatment, only give dose of drugs between therapeutic range

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34
Q

pharmacokinetics

A

what body does to the drugs

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35
Q

ADME

A

absorption through small intestine, distribution throughout body, metabolised, excreted.

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36
Q

Factors affecting ADME

A

solubility of drug, surface are (more = quicker absorption), size of drug, blood flow

37
Q

histology

A

study of tissues

38
Q

first pass effect

A

concentration of drug is reduced if it goes through liver, so if drug is necessary in strong doses, oral consumption should be avoided. Liver can not metabolise drug if taken through IV, interskeletal or rectal.

39
Q

drug dose determined by….

A

age, weight, height, gender, other medications

40
Q

superior

A

toward head or upper body

41
Q

inferior

A

toward lower part of body

42
Q

anterior

A

facing front

43
Q

posterior

A

facing backward

44
Q

medial

A

closer to the centre of the body

45
Q

lateral

A

away from the centre of the body

46
Q

intermediate

A

between medial and lateral

47
Q

proximal

A

closer to the point of attachment to trunk of body

48
Q

distal

A

further from the point of attachment to trunk of body

49
Q

superficial

A

toward or at the body surface (close to skin)

50
Q

deep

A

away from body surface, internal.

51
Q

orbital

A

eye

52
Q

buccal

A

mouth

53
Q

axillary

A

armpit

54
Q

umbillical

A

navel

55
Q

cubital

A

anterior surface of elbow

56
Q

fermoral

A

thigh

57
Q

pubic

A

genital region

58
Q

cervical

A

neck region

59
Q

thoracic

A

chest

60
Q

brachial

A

arm

61
Q

abdominal

A

anterior body trunk

62
Q

groin

A

where thigh meets body trunk

63
Q

flank

A

lateral surface of body from rib cage to the hip

64
Q

scapular

A

shoulder blade area

65
Q

lumbar

A

area of back between ribs and hips

66
Q

calf

A

posterior surface of lower leg

67
Q

deltoid

A

curve of shoulder formed by large deltoid muscle

68
Q

gluteal

A

buttocks or rump

69
Q

popliteal

A

knee region

70
Q

occipital

A

posterior surface of head

71
Q

frontal plane

A

divides the body into anterior and posterior

72
Q

sagittal plane

A

divides the body into left and right

73
Q

trasnverse plane

A

divides body into superior and inferior

74
Q

dorsal body cavity

A

includes cranial and spinal cavity

75
Q

ventral body cavity

A

includes thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavity

76
Q

cranial

A

brain

77
Q

vertebral

A

spinal cord

78
Q

abdominal

A

pancreas, spleen

79
Q

pelvic

A

bladder, rectum, reproductive organs

80
Q

digestive system

A

digests food through mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine and large intestine. gets excreted through pooooo

81
Q

cardiovascular system

A

transports nutrients, blood cells, fluids, dissolved gases and wastes around the body.

82
Q

respiratory system

A

functions in external respiration to absorb oxygen. Regulation of body’s acid-base balance.

83
Q

Skeletal system

A

Frames body, supports it. Provides attachment and lever systems for muscles and acts in locomotion.

84
Q

muscular system

A

functions are based on 3 different cells; skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle.

85
Q

excretory system

A

by way of kidney function, rids body of waste and maintains water balance.

86
Q

nervous system

A

nerves are special cells adapted for transmitting electro/chemical messages.

87
Q

Endocrine system

A

produces hormones in various glands of internal secretion and works with other systems.

88
Q

Lymphatic system

A

sub-system of cardiovascular, collect and return intestinal fluid. maintain body fluid balance.

89
Q

reproductive system

A

perpetuates species via production of eggs in females and sperm in males.

human body (4 decks)

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