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Biology > Female pelvis and pelvic floor > Flashcards

Female pelvis and pelvic floor Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four types of pelvis?

A

Gynaecoid
Android
Anthropoid
Platypelloid

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2
Q

Heart shaped brimmed pelvis

A

Android

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3
Q

Oval brimmed pelvis

A

Anthropoid

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4
Q

Kidney shaped brimmed pelvis

A

Platypelloid

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5
Q

Rounded brimmed pelvis

A

Gynaecoid

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6
Q

Which pelvis types have blunt ischial spines?

A

Gynaecoid
Anthropoid
Platypelloid

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7
Q

Which pelvis type has prominent ischial spines?

A

Android

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8
Q

What are the side walls of the gynaecoid pelvis like?

A

Straight

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9
Q

What is the sub-pubic angle of a gynaecoid pelvis?

A

90 degrees

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10
Q

What are the 6 main features of a gynaecoid pelvis?

A 
Round brim
Blunt ischial spines
Sub pubic angle 90 degrees 
Large forepelvis
Rounded sciatic notch 
Shallow cavity
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11
Q

What are the three functions of a female pelvis?

A

Attachment of lower limbs
Support of the pelvic and abdominal organs
Enables upright walk by transmitting the weight of he upper trunk through the pelvic girdle

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12
Q

Which feature of the pelvis is fused by four vertebrae and had a vestigial tail?

A

The coccyx

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13
Q

Which part of the pelvis is fused by five sacral vertebrae?

A

The sacrum

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14
Q

What are the triangular shaped and wedge shaped parts of the pelvis?

A

Triangular- coccyx

Wedged- sacrum

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15
Q

What is the name of the perforations of the sacrum?

A

Foramina

Singular = foramen

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16
Q

What passes through the foramina (sacral perforations) ?

A

The sacral nerves

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17
Q

At Which surface of the pelvis does the sacrum lie?

A

The anterior surface

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18
Q

Tubular bone of the sacrum running between foramina?

A

Sacral promontory

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19
Q

What hollow area is behind the sacral promontory?

A

Sacral canal

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20
Q

What are the four bones of the pelvis?

A

The right innominate bone
The left innominate bone
Sacrum
Coccyx

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21
Q

Which three bones does the hip bone consist of?

A

Ilium
Pubis
Ischium

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22
Q

What are the two triangular shaped bones pertruding from the pubic bones on either side?

A

ischium

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23
Q

What sits above the ischium and are fused by the pubic symphysis

A

Pubis (1= pubic bone)

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24
Q

Which two most prominent, flared bones of the pelvis are rounded at the top?

A

Ilium

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25
Q

What two components does the ilium consist of?

A

Iliac crest

Iliac fossa

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26
Q

Which two parts does the ischium consist of?

A

Ischial tuberosities

Ischial spines

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27
Q

What is the name of the hollow area between the sacrum and the pubic symphysis?

A

The pelvic inlet

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28
Q

What is the name of the hip bone sockets where the femur epiphysis sits?

A

Acetabulum

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29
Q

What are the three components of the pubis?

A

Inferior ramus
Superior ramus
Obturator foramen

30
Q

What is the concave anterior surface of the ilium?

A

The iliac fossa

31
Q

What is the upper border of the ilium?

A

Iliac crest

32
Q

What is the hip bone known as?

A

Innominate bone

33
Q

What does the innominate bone consist of?

A

Ilium
Ischium
Pubis

34
Q

The two- loop like rounded parts of the ischium

A

Ischial tuberosity

35
Q

Pointy parts of the ischium

A

Ischial spines

36
Q

Parts of the pubis

A

Superior ramus

Inferior ramus

37
Q

The space enclosed by the body of the pubic bone?

A

Obturator foramen

38
Q

What is formed by the two inferior rami?

A

Pubic arch

39
Q

What are the 4 pelvic joints?

A

2 sacroiliac joints
Symphysis pubis
Sacrococcygeal joint

40
Q

3 main Pelvic ligaments

A 
Sacrotuberous ligament (sacrum to pubic tuberosity)
Sacrospinous ligament (ischial spine to sacrum)
Inguinal ligament (iliac crest to pubic tuberosity)
41
Q

How many landmarks of the pelvic brim are there?

A

8

42
Q

Where are the landmarks of the pelvic brim?

A

1-8 from the sacrum area to the symphysis pubis in clockwise direction

43
Q

Landmark 1 - 3 of pelvic brim

A

1- sacral promontory (tube)
2- sacral ala (wings either side)
3- sacroiliac joint

44
Q

Landmarks 4 and 5 of pelvic brim

A

4- iliopectineal line (end of ileum into pelvic inlet)

5 iliopectineal eminence (point of union between ileum and pubis)

45
Q

Landmark 6 of pelvic brim

A

Superior ramus of pubic bone

46
Q

Landmarks 7 and 8 of pelvic brim

A

7- Upper inner border of the body of the pubic bone

8- upper inner border of the symphysis pubis

47
Q

What are the three diameter terms of the gynaecoid pelvis?

A

Anteroposterior ( front to back)
Right and left oblique (diagonal both ways)
Transverse (side to side)

48
Q

In Which three areas of the gynaecoid pelvis are the pelvic diameters measured?

A

Brim
Cavity
Outlet

49
Q

AP. Oblique Transverse
Diameter Diameter Diameter

Brim

Cavity

Outlet

A
    1. 13
  2. 12 12
    1. 11
50
Q

Where is the sacroiliac joint?

A

On the iliac fossa of the ileum either side of the sacrum

51
Q

What three pelvic bones are fused at the acetabulum?

A

Ileum
Ischium
Pubic

52
Q

Four functions of the pelvic floor?

A

Support abdominal and pelvic organs
Facilitated movements of fetus through birth canal
Provides voluntary control of micturition and defaecation
Enables flexion of the sacrum and coccyx

53
Q

6 layers of the pelvic floor from the outside in?

A

1) skin
2) subcutaneous fat
3) superficial muscle layer
4) deep muscle layer (levator ani)
5) pelvic fascia (form pelvic ligaments)
6) pelvic peritoneum/broad ligaments/ uterovescial pouch and pouch of Douglas

54
Q

Pouch of Douglas

A

Extension of peritoneal cavity between rectum and posterior wall of uterus.

55
Q

Blood supply to the pelvic floor muscles?

A

Internal iliac arteries that branch into vaginal arteries and pudendal arteries

56
Q

Lymphatic supply to pelvic floor muscles?

A

Internal iliac glands

57
Q

Nerve supply to pelvic floor muscles

A

Pudendal nerve

58
Q

Perineal body

A

A pyramid shaped mass comprising muscle and fibrous tissue between the vagina and anal canal

59
Q

Ischioanal fossa

A

A wedge shaped, fat filled area between anal canal and ischium

60
Q

Glutimus maximus

A

Bum muscles (large)

61
Q

5 superficial perineal muscles

A

Membranous sphincter of the urethra

Bulbocavernosus

Transverse perineal

Anal sphincter

Ischiocavernosus

62
Q

Membraneous sphincter of the urethra location

A

Attaches to the pubic bones

63
Q

Ischiocavernosus location

A

From clitoris to ischial tuberosities

64
Q

Bulbocavernosus location

A

Clitoris to perineal body

65
Q

Transverse perineal location

A

Ischial tuberosities to meet in the perineal body

66
Q

Anal sphincter location

A

Attaches to the coccyx

67
Q

Deep perineal muscles (4)

A

Strong muscular sling
Pubococcygeus
Iliococcygeus
Ischiococcygeus

68
Q

Iliococcygeus deep perineal muscle

A

Ileum to coccyx

69
Q

Ischiococcygeus deep perineal muscle

A

Ischial spines to coccyx

70
Q

Pubococcygeus deep perineal muscle

A

Pubis to coccyx

71
Q

Transverse perineal muscle runs from where to where

A

Ischial tuberosity to ischial tuberosity meeting in perineal body

72
Q

What structure do the theee deep perineal muscles make up together

A

Levator ani

Biology (19 decks)

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