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Respiratory JC > Week 4 > Flashcards

Week 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Which part of the lung is affected in TB? What does TB cause?

A

The top of the lungs, causes tissue damage, scarring

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2
Q

What are some of the clinical presentations of TB?

A 
Weight loss
Malaise
Coughing blood
Breathlessness
Crackles in upper
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3
Q

How can you diagnose TB?

A

PCR, ziel neeson stain, tuberculin test

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4
Q

What is the treatment for TB?

A

Antibiotics for 6 months

RIPE
Rifampicin isonazid pyrazinamide ethanbutol

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5
Q

What is the side effects of rifampicin

A

Turns urine pink

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6
Q

What are the potential side effects of isoniazid

A

Cause renal failure, hepatitis, neropathy

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7
Q

What causes TB?

A

Mycobacterium

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8
Q

Who is at risk of developing pleural infection?

A

Those with type 1 diabetes, the immunosuppresed (corticoid steroids), alcoholics, drug users

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9
Q

What is a ghon focus?

A

Consolidation of the lung in the periphery of the mid lung

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10
Q

What organism usually causes community acquired pneumonia? What is it alpha or beta haemolytic?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae
HAEMOphillis influenza
Klebsiella pneumonia (causing red jelly)
Alpha haemolytic

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11
Q

How can you treat pneumonia

A

Amoxicillin
Doxycyline
Co-amoxiclav

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12
Q

What does moraxella catarrhalis effect?

A

Can affect whole resp system and cause sinitis

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13
Q

What are the common micro-organisms to cause an exacerbation of asthma or COPD

A

Haemophilus influenzae

Moraxella catarrhalis

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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14
Q

Someone presents with an inspiratory whooping sound, they are also vomiting and coughing. What microorganism is cause?

A

Whooping cough caused by bordetella pertussis

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15
Q

What is first line antibiotic for community acquired pneumonia?

A

Amoxicillin or doxycycline

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16
Q

What are the antibiotics used to treat hospital acquired pneumonia?

A

Amoxicillin metronidazole gentamicin

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17
Q

Young male presents with repeated chest infections, salty sweat, coughing up thick mucus, pancreatic obstruction and chronic colonisation of pseudomonas aeruginosa and burkholderia cepacia and he is infertile. What does he have?

A

Cystic fibrosis

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18
Q

What is the term for chronic dilation of the bronchus?

A

Bronchiectasis

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19
Q

What are the two main causative organisms for TB?

A

Mycobacterial tuberculosis and M. Bovis (cows)

20
Q

Name some clinical features of immunodeficiency

A 
Weight loss
Skin rash
Diarrhoea
Ulcers in mouth 
Recurrent infections
21
Q

Child 3 days old presents with serious infection, blood samples taken and no wbcs are detected. What autoimmune disease do they have?

A

Recticular dysgenesis

Stem cells dont differentiate into WBCs

22
Q

Young child presents with recurrent infections, bloods show T and B cells are normal but neutrophil count is low. What is diagnosis?

A

Kostmann syndrome

Inability to produce neutrophils

23
Q

Young child presents with failure to thrive, has recurrent infections. Bloods show normal B cells, T cells, and WBCs. Diagnosis?

A

Chronic granulomatous disease

Where ROS isn’t produced so chronic inflammation

24
Q

Child presents with low set ears, cleft pallet, small mouth and jaw. Poorly developed oesophagus and heart. What condition? What chromosome

A

Digeorge syndrome

Chromosome 22

25
Q

What can a narrowing of the supraglottis or subglottis region cause?

A

Stridor- an inspiratory wheeze

26
Q

Child presents with barking cough, stridor and a hoarse voice. What is it? Caused by ?

A

Croup

Influenza A and B

27
Q

What is gout

A

Inflammatory arthritis (red hot tender swollen joints)

28
Q

An obese man presents to you with poor sleeping pattern, claims to be snoring and finds himself falling asleep during the day. What is his diagnosis?

A

Obstructive sleep apnoea

Upper airway problem due to relaxation of pharyngeal dilatory muscles causing flopping

29
Q

A immunodeficiency causing impariment of cillia

A

Kartenagers

30
Q

What is the umbrella term for a combination of syndromes including bronchiectasis, rhinosinusitis, reduced fertility?

A

Young’s syndrome

31
Q

What type of organism usually cause intrapulmonary abscess? How would you treat?

A

Gram negative organisms like ecoli- treat with gentamycin

Also streptococcus and staphylococcus which treat with levofloxacin

32
Q

A man has an X-ray and shows a D shapped opaqueness, what is diagnosis

A

Empyema (puss in pleural space)

33
Q

What is the pump in cystic fibrosis that causes the secretions to be dry?

Treatment of cystic fibrosis?

A

CTFR pump which pumps Cl- ions out of the cell, but in this case it is broken so cl- remains intracellularly so the cl- Na+ symport then doesnt work causing sodium to be absorbed into the cell dragging water with it.

Ivacaftor and lumacaftor

34
Q

What cell type can you test for with NBT test?

A

Neutrophils

35
Q

What organism commonly infects children peaking in winter, can be secondary to another infection? Confirmed by PCR

A

Metapneumovirus

36
Q

What is the commonest organism causing bronchiolitis? The diagnosis is with PCR and treatment supportive

A

Respiratory syncytial virus

37
Q

What organism is a sexually transmitted infection that can cause infiantile pneumonia by vertical transmission?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

38
Q

What is eaton lamber syndrome?

A

A paraneoplastic chenge involving hyproflexia (absent reflexes), limb weakness, and reduced autonomic activity

39
Q

What is the emergency treatment for a pneumothorax

A

Insertion of a large bore cannula into 2nd intercostal space mid clavicular line

40
Q

What is the managemet for a non severe pneumothorax?

A

Chest drain inserted into 4th/5th intercostal mid axillary line

41
Q

What is a possible condition you can get as a side effect of arthiritis drugs?

A

TB

42
Q

What is a mast cell degradation product that can be measured during an acute episode of anaphylaxis?

A

Serum tryptase

43
Q

What cell type is a common infiltrate and seen in high quantities in chronic type I hypersensitivity reactions

A

Eosinophils

44
Q

What condition involves a paraneoplastic change also known as myasthenic syndrome, involving hyporeflexia, proximal limb weakness and reduced autonomic activity?

A

Eaton lambert syndrome

45
Q

You suspect a neutrophil deficiency in a child. What test do you run to check for their function?

A

NBT (nitroblue tetrazdium)

46
Q

What organism causes Q fever? And pneumonia?

A

Coxiella burnetti

47
Q

What organism is gram negative, cultured on chocolate agar and causes pneumonia?

A

Haemophilus influenzae

Respiratory JC (11 decks)

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