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Respiratory JC > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What two major muscles are involved with inspiration?

A

Diaphragm

External intercostal muscles

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2
Q

What is boyles law?

A

If volume of a gas increases the pressure of the gas decreases

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3
Q

A smaller alveoli is more likely to collapse than a larger one due to what law?

A

La places

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4
Q

What cell produced surfactant in the lung?

A

Type II alveolar cell/ Type II pneumocyte

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5
Q

What forces allow the alveoli to stay open?

A

Transmural pressure gradient
Pulmonary surfactnat
Alveolar interdependence

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6
Q

What is respiratory distress syndrome of the new born?

A

Where surfactant hasnt been produced yet due to baby being premature. So strain lungs as huge resistnace

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7
Q

Describe the step up treatments for asthma

A 
SABA (salbutamol) as needed
ICS (beclomethasone) + LABA
ICS + LTRA (montelukast)
LABA (salmeterol)/ ICS + LTRA (review)
Increase ICS in above
LAMA ( tiotropium) or methylxanthines (theophylline)
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8
Q

Define pulmonary ventilation

A

The volume of air breathed in and out per minute

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9
Q

Define alveolar ventilation

A

Volume exchanged between the atmosphere and alveoli per minute

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10
Q

Define daltons law

A

In a mixture of non-reacting gases the total pressure exerted is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of individual gases

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11
Q

What is the equation to determine the partial pressure of O2 in alveolar air when given the partial pressure of 02 in inspired air and co2 in arterial blood?

A

PA02= Pi02 - (PaC02/ 0.8)

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12
Q

Oxygen is more soluble across membranes than co2. True or false?

A

FALSE, co2 more soluble to make it easier to transfer Co2 into the lungs

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13
Q

The movement of gas across a tissue is proportional to the surface area and inversely proportional to its thickness. True or false?

A

True!

g= SA/ thickness

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14
Q

Define henrys law

A

If the partial pressure of a gas increases then the concentration of the diffused gas in the liquid would also increase proportionally

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15
Q

What are the two mechanisms of oxygen transportation

A

Bound to haemoglobin

Dissolved in plasma

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16
Q

What is the shape of the oxygen haemoglobin dissociation curve?

A

Sigmoid

17
Q

What is the effect of the oxygen Hb curve with increased Pco2, H+ and temperature?

A

Shift to the right

18
Q

What can cause impairment to the oxygen delivery to tissue?

A

Respiratory disease
Heart failure; decreased cardiac output
Anaemia; decresed Hb conc

19
Q

What are the modes of transport of Co2 in the body?

A

As solution
As bicarbonate (by carbonic amyhydrase in RBCs)
Carbamino compounds

20
Q

What is the haldane effect?

A

When Hb releases an O2 molecule it then has a high affinity for Co2 and H+ ions.

21
Q

Where would you auscultate the middle lobe?

A

Between right ribs 4 and 6

22
Q

At what vertebral level would you auscultate the lung bases?

A

T11

23
Q

What is the site of the horizontal fissure?

A

Right 4th rib

24
Q

Name the monoclonal antibody drug against IgE

A

Omalizumab

25
Q

What is a palpable reference point for cardiopulmonary resuscitation?

A

Xiphoid process

26
Q

Which vessel do the bronchial arteries arise from?

A

Anterior surface of the descending aorta

27
Q

Describe the course of the azygous vein

A

Lies to the right side of the spine then archs around the right lung root to drain into the superior vena cava

28
Q

A vessel has been pinned, it is inferoporterior in the lung roots, containing oxygenated blood. What is it?

A

Pulmonary vein (going towards theheart)

29
Q

A vessel has been pinned it is superomedial in the lung root carrying deoxygenated blood. What is it?

A

Pulmonary artery

30
Q

What is the function of the transmural pressure gradient?

A

Keeps the visceral and parietal pleurae close together

31
Q

What is the shape of the myoglobin dissociate curve

A

Hyperbolic curve

32
Q

What is the site of the oblique fissure

A

Posteriorly the T3 vertebrae and the 6th rib

33
Q

What is the vertebral level defining the change of upper and lower resp tract

A

C6

34
Q

Describe the location of the phrenic nerves in the neck, chest and cervical levels

A

Neck; on anterior surface of scalenus anterior

Chest; over lateral aspects of the heart, anterior to the lung roots

C3,4,5

35
Q

What anti-inflammatory drug can trigger bronchospasm in sensitive individuals

A

Oral ibuprofen

Respiratory JC (11 decks)

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